Variable | Retrograde group | Antegrade group | P value# |
---|---|---|---|
(N = 49) | (N = 52) | ||
Age (year) | 34.0 ± 8.1 | 35.4 ± 9.3 | 0.417 |
Sex | Â | Â | 0.525 |
 Male | 31 | 37 |  |
 Female | 18 | 15 |  |
BMI | Â | Â | 0.49 |
 Normal | 35 | 41 |  |
 Abnormal | 14 | 11 |  |
Alcohol history | Â | Â | 1 |
 Yes | 18 | 19 |  |
 No | 31 | 33 |  |
Smoking history | Â | Â | 0.547 |
 Yes | 21 | 18 |  |
 No | 28 | 34 |  |
Chronic diseases* | Â | Â | 0.797 |
 Yes | 8 | 10 |  |
 No | 41 | 42 |  |
Etiology | Â | Â | 0.834 |
 Glucocorticoid | 12 | 13 |  |
 Alcoholic | 11 | 8 |  |
 Traumatic | 21 | 25 |  |
 Idiopathic | 5 | 6 |  |
ARCO stage | Â | Â | 0.818 |
 II | 36 | 40 |  |
 III | 13 | 12 |  |