Variables | Balance (n = 101) | Hidden imbalance (n = 90) | Imbalance (n = 64) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic parameters | ||||
Age (years) | 64.18 ± 9.78 | 63.47 ± 8.90 | 66.67 ± 8.62 | 0.092 |
Male/Female (n/n) | 30/71 | 35/55 | 25/39 | 0.318 |
Cervical parameters | ||||
CBVA (°) | 0.74 ± 6.06 | − 0.10 ± 5.84 | − 0.52 ± 6.50 | 0.395 |
OC2 (°) | 21.84 ± 8.05BC | 24.08 ± 8.71AC | 18.27 ± 9.03AB | < 0.001** |
CL (°) | 15.37 ± 8.93BC | 11.01 ± 8.2AC | 25.05 ± 5.21AB | < 0.001** |
C7S (°) | 22.10 ± 5.61C | 21.47 ± 5.84C | 27.14 ± 6.30AB | < 0.001** |
CL/C7S | 0.71 ± 0.43BC | 0.51 ± 0.37AC | 0.97 ± 0.31AB | < 0.001** |
CSVA (mm) | 18.65 ± 11.73 | 17.94 ± 10.92 | 18.19 ± 11.37 | 0.908 |
Spinopelvic parameters | ||||
TK (°) | − 37.58 ± 9.98BC | − 30.57 ± 11.49A | − 28.89 ± 11.04A | < 0.001** |
LL (°) | 45.12 ± 8.79BC | 31.05 ± 9.94AC | 25.19 ± 11.57AB | < 0.001** |
SS (°) | 33.68 ± 7.96BC | 29.28 ± 8.89A | 27.12 ± 10.11A | < 0.001** |
PT (°) | 14.54 ± 5.67BC | 21.32 ± 7.03 AC | 23.81 ± 9.62AB | < 0.001** |
PI (°) | 48.12 ± 8.19 | 50.44 ± 9.27 | 50.69 ± 9.73 | 0.109 |
PI–LL (°) | 2.99 ± 4.46 BC | 19.39 ± 7.05 AC | 25.51 ± 10.63AB | < 0.001** |
SVA (mm) | 0.12 ± 26.47 BC | 15.19 ± 23.07 AC | 88.89 ± 27.49AB | < 0.001** |