Arthroscopically assisted versus open reduction internal fixation for ankle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

Author/year	Country	Design	No. of ARIF	No. of ORIF	Fracture classification, n	Mean age (years)	Sex (M/F)	Mean follow-up (months)	Outcome measures
Thordarson 2001	USA	RCT	9	10	SER, 16 PER,3	29	17/2	21	SF-36 AAOS
Takao 2003	Japan	RCT	41	31	SER,22 PAB, 50	ARIF: 36 ORIF: 38	48/24	ARIF: 40 ORIF: 41	AOFAS
Turhan 2012	Turkey	Retrospective	21	26	HS type B, 12 HS type C, 29 HS type D, 6	ARIF: 34 ORIF: 42	28/19	ARIF: 26 ORIF: 38	OMA VDC
Fuchs 2015	USA	Retrospective	24	27	AO/OTA type B, 33 AO/OTA type C, 18	ARIF: 38 ORIF: 40	31/20	67	OMA VAS
Angthong 2016	Thailand	Retrospective	16	29	SER, 33 PER, 12	ARIF: 48 ORIF: 45	24/21	10	QOR AC
Chiang 2019	China Taiwan	Retrospective	65	40	AO/OTA type B, 105	ARIF: 45 ORIF: 50	45/60	ARIF: 40 ORIF: 38	AOFAS VAS
Liu 2020	China	Prospective	34	43	HS type B, 41 HS type C, 36	ARIF: 37 ORIF: 38	48/29	ARIF: 60 ORIF: 62	OMA VAS
Baumbach 2021	Germany	Retrospective	25	25	AO/OTA type A, 2 AO/OTA type B, 39 AO/OTA type C, 9	ARIF: 46 ORIF: 53	21/29	ARIF: 53 ORIF: 48	OMA FAAM
Ceccarini 2021	Italy	Retrospective	38	75	AO/OTA type A, 42 AO/OTA type B, 71	38	53/82	38	ROM FAOS

RCT, randomized controlled trial; ARIF, arthroscopically assisted reduction and internal fixation; ORIF, open reduction and internal fixation; No., number; SER, supination-external rotation; PER, pronation-external rotation; PAB, pronation-abduction; HS, Herscovici classification; M, male; F, female; SF-36, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Function scale; AAOS, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; AOFAS, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society; OMA, Olerud Molander Ankle score; VDC, van Dijk classification; QOR, quality of reduction; AC, arthritic changes; VAS, visual analog scale; FAAM, foot and ankle ability measure; ROM, range of motion; FAOS, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score

ISSN: 1749-799X