Fig. 4
USP1 inhibition increased the levels of osteogenesis-related factors and the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt pathway in nonunion rats. A & B Immunoblot and quantitative analysis for RUNX2, OCN, Akt, p-AktT308 and p-AktS473 in rats of fracture healing group, nonunion group and nonunion + ML323 group (nonunion rats treated with ML323) (n = 5/group). β-actin was used as a loading control. Akt was used as an internal control for p-AktT308 and p-AktS473. C IHC staining images of the expression of BMP2 in rats of fracture healing group, nonunion group and nonunion + ML323 group (nonunion rats treated with ML323). Scale bar = 50 µm. ## indicates p < 0.01 in comparison with the fracture healing group; ** indicates p < 0.01 in comparison with the nonunion group and ns indicates not significant