A metabonomic study to explore potential markers of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis

Table 2 Summary of potential biomarkers of three group by serum GC/LC–MS analysis

Metabolites	Changes in HUA (vs HCG)			Changes in AGA (vs HCG)			Changes in AGA (vs HUA)			Data origin
Metabolites	Status^†	VIP value^‡	p^§	Status^†	VIP value^‡	p^§	Status^†	VIP value^‡	p^§	Data origin
Glutathione	↓	1.21	< 0.001	↓	1.16	< 0.001	↓	1.09	< 0.001	GC–MS
Malate	↓	1.06	< 0.001	↓	1.18	< 0.001				GC–MS
Phosphoethanolamine	↓	1.28	< 0.001	↓	1.33	< 0.001	↓	1.35	0.029	GC–MS
Piceatannol	↑	1.14	< 0.001	↑	1.19	< 0.001	↑	1.10	0.001	GC–MS
Saccharopine	↓	1.80	< 0.001	↓	1.60	< 0.001	↓	2.15	0.010	GC–MS
Thymine	↓	1.11	< 0.001	↓	1.01	< 0.001	↓	1.62	< 0.001	GC–MS
11-Dehydro-TXB3	↓	1.50	< 0.001	↓	1.43	< 0.001	↑	1.26	< 0.001	LC–MS
Anandamide	↓	3.61	< 0.001	↓	3.70	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
Androsterone sulfate	↑	1.68	< 0.001	↑	1.72	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
DHEA sulfate	↑	2.23	< 0.001	↑	1.98	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
Kynurenic acid	↓	1.64	< 0.001	↓	1.27	< 0.001	↑	2.17	0.015	LC–MS
LysoPC	↑	2.22	< 0.001	↑	1.87	< 0.001	↓	5.50	0.002	LC–MS
PA	↓	1.18	< 0.001	↓	1.22	< 0.001				LC–MS
Pantothenic acid	↓	2.59	< 0.001	↓	2.61	< 0.001	↑	1.10	0.014	LC–MS
PC	↑	2.91	< 0.001	↑	2.68	< 0.001	↓	4.6.3	< 0.001	LC–MS
PGE2	↓	6.19	< 0.001	↓	6.35	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
PGF2α	↓	2.36	< 0.001	↓	2.43	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
PI	↓	1.28	< 0.001	↓	1.31	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
Pregnane	↓	1.29	< 0.001	↓	1.32	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
Prostaglandin	↓	1.62	< 0.001	↓	1.64	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
PS	↑	1.90	< 0.001	↑	1.80	< 0.001	–			LC–MS
SM	↓	1.22	< 0.001	↓	1.30	< 0.001	↓	1.01	< 0.001	LC–MS
Stearic acid	↓	9.56	< 0.001	↓	9.81	< 0.001	–			LC–MS

HUA: asymptomatic hyperuricemia; AGA: acute gouty arthritis; LysoPC: lysophosphatidylcholine; PA: phosphatidic acid; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PGE2: Dinoprostone; PGF2α: Dinoprost; PI: phosphatidylinositol; PS: phosphatidylserine; SM: sphingomyelin
^†Relative concentrations: ↑ = upregulated, ↓ = downregulated
^‡Correlation coefficient and VIP value were obtained from OPLS-DA analysis
^§p value determined from Student’s t test

ISSN: 1749-799X