Fig. 1

Multivariate date analysis of date between the three groups. A PCA score plots and PLS-DA score plots based on the GC–MS. B PCA score plots and PLS-DA score plots based on the LC–MS. C OPLS-DA score plots and OPLS-DA score plots (left panel) and statistical validation of the corresponding OPLS-DA model by permutation analysis (right panel) based on the GC–MS. D OPLS-DA score plots and OPLS-DA score plots (left panel) and statistical validation of the corresponding OPLS-DA model by permutation analysis (right panel) based on the LC–MS. The two coordinate points are relatively far away on the score map, indicating that there is a significant difference between the two samples, and vice versa. The elliptical region represents a 95% confidence interval. HCG: the healthy control group; HUA: asymptomatic hyperuricemia; AGA: acute gouty arthritis