Ulcer occurrence on adjacent toes and hallux valgus deformity after amputation of the second toe in diabetic patients

Table 2 Association of clinical and radiographic parameters with hallux valgus development

a) n = 24	Preoperative	p value	Postoperative
HVA (mean)	21.3 (11.9)	0.51²	26.2 (21)
IMA (mean)	8.6 (3.2)	0.37¹	9 (4.3)
DMAA (mean)	9.5 (8.1)	0.90²	9.2 (6.5)
HVI (mean)	17.4 (6.4)	0.13¹	20.1 (8.8)

b) Preexisting hallux valgus deformity; n = 24	Yes	p value	No
b) Preexisting hallux valgus deformity; n = 24	n = 18	p value	n = 6
Progression HVA (mean)	5.9 (19.2)	0.54²	1.6 (2.8)
Progression IMA (mean)	− 0.8 (4.1)	0.72²	1.7 (4.3)
Progression DMAA (mean)	− 1.2 (7.1)	0.82²	2.4 (8.9)
Progression HVI (mean)	2.5 (5.6)	0.54²	2.9 (2.6)

c) BMI; n = 24	< 30	p value	≥ 30
c) BMI; n = 24	n = 11	p value	n = 13
Progression HVA (mean)	6.0 (19.4)	1.00²	4.0 (14.7)
Progression IMA (mean)	− 0.3 (5.2)	0.25¹	0.9 (3.3)
Progression DMAA (mean)	1.1 (7.7)	0.21²	− 1.5 (8.0)
Progression HVI (mean)	2.2 (5.6)	0.35¹	3.0 (4.4)

d) Shape first metatarsal head; n = 24	Round	p value	Flat or chevron
d) Shape first metatarsal head; n = 24	n = 17	p value	n = 7
Progression HVA (mean)	7.6 (17.7)	0.11²	− 1.7 (12.3)
Progression IMA (mean)	− 0.4 (4.2)	0.17²	2.2 (4.0)
Progression DMAA (mean)	0.1 (3.7)	0.36²	− 1.2 (14.0)
Progression HVI (mean)	2.8 (5.7)	0.41²	2.2 (2.3)

e) Amputation; n = 24	Through MTP	p value	Transmetatarsal
e) Amputation; n = 24	n = 15	p value	n = 9
Progression HVA (mean)	5.2 (16.4)	0.73²	4.3 (16.9)
Progression IMA (mean)	− 0.3 (2.7)	0.60¹	1.5 (5.7)
Progression DMAA (mean)	0 (2.2)	0.82¹	− 0.7 (12.2)
Progression HVI (mean)	2.9 (5.0)	0.47¹	2.2 (4.8)

All values are indicated with degree (°), the standard deviation is specified in brackets
Application of Student's t-test is indicated with ¹, application of Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test) is indicated with ²

ISSN: 1749-799X