Table 1 Overall study characteristics
Author | Year | Type of study | Period investigated | Number of patients | Age (years) | Histology | Indication | Type of reconstruction | Cement fixation | Porous coating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christ et al. [11] | 2021 | SR | 2002 to 2018 | 14 | Mean: 36 | Osteosarcoma (10), Ewing sarcoma (2), Pleomorphic sarcoma (1), and GCTB (1) | The remaining short proximal femur was used in 24%, and 8/14 retained ≤ 20% of their femur | Short-stemmed endoprostheses with custom cross-pin and extra-cortical plates fixation | None | Yes |
Hindiskere et al. [2] | 2021 | SR | 2008 to 2018 | 14 | Median: 14 (range, 7–18) | Osteosarcoma (14) | Length of proximal femur remaining after tumor resection was < 12 cm | Allograft prosthetic composite | None: 5, Only in allograft: 3, In allograft and host bone: 6 | NA |
Bernthal et al. [12] | 2019 | SR | 1980 to 2017 | 36 | Mean: 33 | Osteosarcoma (5), Chondrosarcoma (4) | (1) Projected stem length of ≤ 9 cm; (2) < 2 cm of residual diaphyseal bone; or (3) early (within two years) aseptic loosening of a long stem due to rotational instability | Short-stemmed endoprostheses with custom cross-pin fixation | All | No |
Stevenson et al. [5] | 2017 | SR | 1998 to 2013 | 13 | Mean: 26 | NR | A short stem was defined as < 100 mm | Short-stemmed endoprostheses with extra-cortical plates | None | Yes |
Calvert et al. [16] | 2014 | MR | NR | 37 | Mean: 21 | Osteosarcoma (47) | Patients with a short proximal femur remaining after tumor resection and unable to insert a standard-length stem | Compressive osseointegration | None | Yes |
Dieckmann et al. [13] | 2014 | SR | 2003 to 2012 | 15 | Mean: 33 (range, 11–73) | Osteosarcoma (9), Ewing sarcoma (4), Chondrosarcoma (2), and Myxofibrosarcoma (1) | Remaining proximal femur after tumor resection should be at least 40 mm | Short-stemmed endoprostheses with custom cross-pin fixation | None | Yes |
Cobb et al. [14] | 2005 | SR | 1987 to 1988 | 6 | Mean: 32 (range, 9–72) | Osteosarcoma (4), Ewing sarcoma (1), and GCTB (1) | The remaining distal end of the femur after tumor resection was within 50 mm of the lesser trochanter | Triplate fixation | None | Yes |
Cannon et al. [15] | 2003 | SR | 1988 to 2001 | 22 | Range: 6–68 | Osteosarcoma (6), Ewing sarcoma (3), Chondrosarcoma (2), and MFH (1) | Patients with short proximal femur remaining after tumor resection | Short-stemmed endoprostheses with custom cross-pin fixation | All | No |