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Table 5 Error measurement for predicted utility values based on OKS in the external validation sample using different countries value sets

From: Mapping of disease-specific Oxford Knee Score onto EQ-5D-5L utility index in knee osteoarthritis

Country

Type of value set

MAE

MSE whole external validation sample(n = 115, 100%)

Whole external validation sample

Utility ≥ median

Utility < median

(n = 115, 100%)

(n = 58, 50.43%)

(n = 57, 49.57%)

Canada

VT

0.076 (0.072–0.085)

0.043 (0.029–0.049)

0.109 (0.101–0.128)

0.011 (0.010–0.013)

China

VT

0.097 (0.086–0.098)

0.072 (0.058–0.091)

0.123 (0.109–0.134)

0.017 (0.014–0.017)

Denmark

VT

0.127 (0.127–0.148)

0.076 (0.077–0.078)

0.178 (0.165–0.179)

0.035 (0.036–0.045)

Egypt

VT

0.134 (0.118–0.157)

0.089 (0.072–0.098)

0.180 (0.166–0.173)

0.033 (0.027–0.044)

England

VT

0.092 (0.091–0.096)

0.064 (0.066–0.075)

0.121 (0.097–0.122)

0.016 (0.015–0.018)

Ethiopia

VT

0.096 (0.093–0.099)

0.042 (0.037–0.049)

0.152 (0.156–0.182)

0.024 (0.022–0.026)

France

VT

0.087 (0.084–0.091)

0.031 (0.032–0.035)

0.143 (0.151–0.162)

0.020 (0.018–0.024)

Germany

VT

0.101 (0.095–0.111)

0.043 (0.036–0.043)

0.160 (0.155–0.178)

0.026 (0.023–0.033)

HongKong

VT

0.128 (0.126–0.128)

0.094 (0.079–0.098)

0.163 (0.164–0.172)

0.027 (0.028–0.028)

Hungary

VT

0.107 (0.109–0.119)

0.049 (0.046–0.051)

0.166 (0.165–0.170)

0.025 (0.025–0.027)

Indonesia

VT

0.125 (0.110–0.125)

0.097 (0.097–0.100)

0.153 (0.136–0.172)

0.025 (0.022–0.025)

Ireland

VT

0.142 (0.139–0.186)

0.088 (0.081–0.106)

0.197 (0.161–0.216)

0.042 (0.041–0.068)

Japan

VT

0.077 (0.066–0.092)

0.078 (0.071–0.083)

0.076 (0.069–0.077)

0.010 (0.008–0.013)

Malaysia

VT

0.095 (0.078–0.099)

0.069 (0.059–0.073)

0.122 (0.103–0.117)

0.016 (0.012–0.017)

Netherlands

VT

0.110 (0.108–0.123)

0.073 (0.065–0.078)

0.148 (0.142–0.160)

0.024 (0.022–0.030)

Peru_cTTO

VT

0.137 (0.137–0.146)

0.110 (0.092–0.117)

0.165 (0.140–0.182)

0.031 (0.035–0.036)

Peru_DCE

VT

0.072 (0.073–0.075)

0.047 (0.040–0.049)

0.098 (0.087–0.113)

0.010 (0.010–0.011)

Poland

VT

0.081 (0.064–0.113)

0.024 (0.016–0.025)

0.140 (0.118–0.156)

0.023 (0.015–0.042)

Portugal

VT

0.092 (0.093–0.104)

0.051 (0.043–0.054)

0.134 (0.123–0.147)

0.018 (0.018–0.023)

SouthKorea

VT

0.070 (0.061–0.071)

0.050 (0.044–0.050)

0.090 (0.083–0.101)

0.009 (0.007–0.009)

Spain

VT

0.099 (0.091–0.102)

0.076 (0.072–0.094)

0.122 (0.104–0.127)

0.018 (0.016–0.018)

Sweden

VT

0.063 (0.062–0.082)

0.045 (0.033–0.048)

0.082 (0.075–0.084)

0.008 (0.007–0.012)

Taiwan

VT

0.140 (0.118–0.158)

0.105 (0.093–0.105)

0.176 (0.159–0.205)

0.035 (0.025–0.039)

Thailand

VT

0.089 (0.074–0.087)

0.060 (0.056–0.076)

0.119 (0.112–0.144)

0.015 (0.011–0.015)

Uruguay

VT

0.066 (0.060–0.072)

0.029 (0.024–0.030)

0.104 (0.101–0.122)

0.011 (0.008–0.012)

USA

VT

0.114 (0.110–0.125)

0.077 (0.067–0.083)

0.152 (0.135–0.148)

0.024 (0.022–0.026)

Vietnam

VT

0.095 (0.090–0.110)

0.071 (0.058–0.069)

0.121 (0.122–0.133)

0.017 (0.016–0.021)

Denmark

CW

0.094 (0.090–0.102)

0.061 (0.062–0.069)

0.127 (0.112–0.144)

0.021 (0.018–0.025)

France

CW

0.121 (0.102–0.130)

0.092 (0.093–0.097)

0.150 (0.130–0.156)

0.023 (0.020–0.025)

Germany

CW

0.082 (0.080–0.091)

0.033 (0.038–0.045)

0.131 (0.130–0.154)

0.018 (0.015–0.021)

Japan

CW

0.072 (0.061–0.072)

0.072 (0.067–0.078)

0.073 (0.060–0.075)

0.012 (0.008–0.012)

Netherlands

CW

0.098 (0.085–0.114)

0.068 (0.060–0.085)

0.129 (0.113–0.135)

0.020 (0.016–0.028)

Russia

CW

0.080 (0.072–0.096)

0.038 (0.037–0.048)

0.123 (0.103–0.130)

0.019 (0.014–0.031)

Spain

CW

0.110 (0.093–0.112)

0.062 (0.051–0.066)

0.159 (0.156–0.159)

0.025 (0.020–0.027)

Thailand

CW

0.099 (0.088–0.109)

0.081 (0.081–0.086)

0.118 (0.097–0.132)

0.019 (0.016–0.022)

UK

CW

0.106 (0.096–0.117)

0.064 (0.047–0.079)

0.148 (0.120–0.157)

0.024 (0.020–0.025)

USA

CW

0.076 (0.074–0.079)

0.048 (0.040–0.064)

0.104 (0.098–0.128)

0.012 (0.012–0.013)

Zimbabwe

CW

0.064 (0.059–0.067)

0.037 (0.033–0.040)

0.092 (0.073–0.090)

0.009 (0.007–0.010)

Mean

 

0.098

0.063

0.133

0.02

SD

 

0.022

0.022

0.03

0.008

Min

 

0.063

0.024

0.073

0.008

Max

 

0.142

0.11

0.197

0.042

  1. MAE mean absolute error; MSE mean squared error; VT valuation technique; CW crosswalk method
  2. 95% confidence intervals based on bootstrap percentiles were provided in parentheses