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Table 2 Technical aspects of the included studies

From: Diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for suspected primary and postoperative pyogenic spondylitis

Author

Year

Reference standard

Type of nuclear medicine methods

Injected dose (MBp)

Time between injection and image acquisition

Threshold

Paez, et al.

2021

biopsy or follow-up for at least 6 months

PET/CT

NA

NA

Score 3 and 4

Segawa, et al.

2021

biology or clinical observation

PET/CT

up to 370 MBq

60 min

5.0 for SUVmax

Brown, et al.

2020

microbiology assessment

PET/CT

200 MBq

60 min

NA

Altini, et al.

2020

resolution or significant improvement of constitutional symptoms

PET/CT

2.5–3 MBq/kg

60 min

NA

Frenkel, et al.

2019

clinical and bacteriological findings

PET/CT

296–555 MBq

60–90 min

NA

Follenfant, et al.

2019

observation of pus surrounding the implant during a new surgery and/or the identification of a microorganism from cultures of bone tissue or blood

PET/CT

NA

60 min

NA

Kouijzer, et al.

2018

IDSA guideline, imaging and clinical findings

PET/CT

3.3 MBq/kg

60 min

NA

Yu, et al.

2018

bacterial cultures and outcomes after cessation or withholding of antibiotic therapy

PET/CT

550 MBq

60 min

NA

Smids, et al.

2017

a microorganism was isolated and/or imaging follow-up showing response to antibiotic therapy

PET/CT

200 MBq

60 min

NA

Fahnert, et al.

2016

histopathologic evaluation of surgery or biopsy specimens or clinical follow-up

PET

4 MBq/kg; range, 149–410 MBq

75 min (60–105 min)

SUVmax ratio of 2.1

Fuster, et al.

2015

micrological documentation in cultures of image-guided spinal puncture fluid or blood

PET/CT

4.07 MBq/kg

60 min

SUVmax ratio of 2.2

Skanjeti, et al.

2012

a long diagnostic work-up including spinal MRI, blood cultures or vertebral biopsy

PET

222–370 MBq

60 min

NA

Seifen, et al.

2012

biopsy, blood culture and a one-year clinical follow-up

PET/CT

4 MBq/kg; range, 253–493 MBq

60 min

NA

Ohtori, et al.

2010

symptoms, x-ray imaging, MRI, blood data, and results of biopsies from the first examination to final follow-up

PET

NA

NA

NA

De Winter, et al.

2003

histopathology, microbiology and/or intraoperative visual assessment or minimum follow-up of 12 months

PET

370 MBq

60–90 min

NA

Strumpe, et al.

2002

cultures from the bone biopsies or blood, clinical and laboratory findings

PET

300–400 MBq

30–40 min

NA

Gratz, et al.

2002

biopsy, histology, culture, clinical and laboratory findings

PET

296 MBq

60 min

NA

Schimitz, et al.

2001

histopathological examination

PET

200–400 MBq

45 min

NA

  1. R retrospective; P prospective; NA not available; IDSA Infectious Diseases Society of America