Table 1 Characteristics of study sample: US population aged ≥ 40 years in the NHANES 2007–2010
From: Effects of vitamin D deficiency on blood lipids and bone metabolism: a large cross-sectional study
Characteristics | Total number of participants (n = 3599) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 1814) | Women (n = 1785) | ||
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 54.09 ± 10.33 | 54.11 ± 10.44 | 0.9449 |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.6246 | ||
 Mexican American | 338 (7.32)% | 362 (7.08)% |  |
 Other Hispanic | 194 (3.99)% | 201 (4.02)% |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 893 (74.64)% | 848 (74.27)% |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 321 (8.78)% | 317 (10.07)% |  |
 Other race | 68 (5.27)% | 57 (4.56)% |  |
Education, n (%) | 0.3241 | ||
 Under high school | 561 (18.27)% | 533 (17.47)% |  |
 High school or equivalent | 415 (23.26)% | 403 (23.57)% |  |
 Some college or AA degree | 427 (26.88)% | 484 (29.35)% |  |
 College graduate or above | 411 (31.59)% | 365 (29.61)% |  |
 BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 28.53 ± 4.70 | 28.12 ± 6.26 | 0.0286 |
Smoking, n (%) |  < 0.0001 | ||
 Never | 441 (22.96)% | 318 (18.19)% |  |
 Former | 584 (29.19)% | 381 (22.90)% |  |
 Current | 789 (47.84)% | 1086 (58.92)% |  |
Had at least 12 alcohol drinks past one year? n (%) |  < 0.0001 | ||
 Yes | 1501 (85.03)% | 1058 (67.82)% |  |
 No | 313 (14.97)% | 727 (32.18)% |  |
Marital status |  < 0.0001 | ||
 Live with someone | 1327 (77.20)% | 1043 (66.13)% |  |
 Live alone | 487 (22.80)% | 742 (33.87)% |  |
Hypertension, n (%) | 0.1586 | ||
 Yes | 714 (35.98)% | 715 (33.74)% |  |
 No | 1100 (64.02)% | 1070 (66.26)% |  |
Diabetes, n (%) | 0.2750 | ||
 Yes | 254 (10.23)% | 247 (8.69)% |  |
 No | 1521 (87.97)% | 1505 (89.61)% |  |
Borderline | 39 (1.79)% | 33 (1.70)% | Â |
 Total 25 (OH) D (nmol/l) | 67.04 ± 22.53 | 70.99 ± 27.31 |  < 0.0001 |
 Phosphorus (mmol/L, mean ± SD) | 1.16 ± 0.18 | 1.25 ± 0.17 |  < 0.0001 |
 Total calcium (mmol/L, mean ± SD) | 2.35 ± 0.09 | 2.36 ± 0.09 | 0.1269 |
 CRP (mmol/L, mean ± SD) | 0.28 ± 0.59 | 0.41 ± 0.76 |  < 0.0001 |
 HDL-C (mmol/L, mean ± SD) | 1.24 ± 0.38 | 1.55 ± 0.45 |  < 0.0001 |
 TC (mmol/L, mean ± SD) | 5.19 ± 1.09 | 5.39 ± 1.04 |  < 0.0001 |
 ALP (U/L, mean ± SD) | 66.98 ± 20.58 | 68.47 ± 22.09 | 0.0359 |
 ALT (U/L, mean ± SD) | 30.77 ± 25.05 | 22.24 ± 13.05 |  < 0.0001 |
 AST (U/L, mean ± SD) | 28.49 ± 16.87 | 24.51 ± 11.28 |  < 0.0001 |
 Total spine BMD (g/cm2, mean ± SD) | 1.06 ± 0.15 | 1.00 ± 0.14 |  < 0.0001 |
 L1 BMD (g/cm2, mean ± SD) | 1.00 ± 0.14 | 0.90 ± 0.15 |  < 0.0001 |
 L2 BMD (g/cm2, mean ± SD) | 1.07 ± 0.15 | 1.00 ± 0.15 |  < 0.0001 |
 L3 BMD (g/cm2, mean ± SD) | 1.08 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.15 |  < 0.0001 |
 L4 BMD (g/cm2, mean ± SD) | 1.08 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.15 |  < 0.0001 |