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Table 5 Impact of levels and clinical years on students’ perceptions

From: Representation of women in orthopaedic surgery: perception of barriers among undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia

Question

Kruskal–Wallis test p-value for trend

Overall Likert ratings

Female students Likert ratings

Male students Likert ratings

Preclinical year (N = 174) (mean)

Clinical year (N = 391) (mean)

Mann–Whitney U-test p-value

Preclinical (N = 77) (mean)

Clinical (N = 200) (mean)

Mann–Whitney U-test p-value

Preclinical (N = 97) (mean)

Clinical (N = 191) (mean)

Mann–Whitney U-test p-value

I believe that patients have more confidence in male orthopaedic surgeons than females

0.051

3.39

3.67

0.008

3.19

3.58

0.013

3.55

3.75

0.149

I believe that the radiation exposure risk in orthopaedics can create a barrier for women practicing in orthopaedic surgery

0.056

2.79

2.79

0.993

2.49

2.61

0.41

3.03

2.97

0.754

I believe that the on-call duties and covering trauma and emergency in orthopaedics can create a barrier for women practicing in orthopaedic surgery

0.374

2.86

2.99

0.226

2.56

2.68

0.388

3.09

3.32

0.159

I believe that gender diversity in the field of orthopaedic surgery is an important factor contributing to the job efficiency and the community of orthopaedic surgery

0.209

3.4

3.5

0.309

3.58

3.89

0.072

3.26

3.1

0.342

I believe that in orthopaedic surgery the gender discrimination exists against women and can be a barrier for them during the practice

0.055

3.53

3.6

0.278

3.77

4.01

0.046

3.55

3.18

0.339

I believe that the orthopaedic surgical abilities of male surgeons are superior to the abilities of female orthopaedic surgeons

0.978

2.48

2.48

0.945

1.87

1.89

0.719

2.97

3.09

0.521

I believe that orthopaedic surgery does not fit and is not appropriate for females

0.688

2.29

2.46

0.151

1.7

1.99

0.107

2.76

2.95

0.277

I believe that ‘family and social commitments’ create a barrier for women practicing in orthopaedic surgery

0.29

3.25

3.19

0.573

2.86

3.01

0.387

3.56

3.39

0.205

I believe that the ‘physical strength and body build’ is important for practicing orthopaedic surgery and it can create a barrier for women practicing in orthopaedic surgery

0.228

3.32

3.51

0.108

3.03

3.27

0.177

3.56

3.77

0.159

I believe that the ‘long working hours and the heavy workload’ can create a barrier for women practicing in orthopaedic surgery

0.131

2.93

3.02

0.405

2.7

2.75

0.78

3.1

3.3

0.214

I believe that the ‘stress and burnout’ in orthopaedics can create barriers for women in orthopaedic surgery

0.031

2.79

2.77

0.997

2.43

2.51

0.546

3.07

3.05

0.933

  1. p < 0.05 are shown in bold
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X