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Table 4 Threshold effect analysis of total cholesterol on total bone mineral density in 40–49 years old group using the two-piecewise linear regression model

From: Association between total cholesterol and total bone mineral density in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2018

Total bone mineral density

Adjusted β (95% CI) P value

Aged 40–49 years old

Fitting by the standard linear model

− 0.0006 (− 0.0045, 0.0033) 0.7696

Fitting by the two-piecewise linear model

Inflection point

5.84

Serum cholesterol < 5.84 mmol/L

− 0.0063 (− 0.0117, − 0.0009) 0.0225

Serum cholesterol > 5.84 mmol/L

0.0092 (0.0017, 0.0167) 0.0161

Log likelihood ratio

0.003

  1. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, ratio of family income-to-poverty, education level, marital status, blood urea nitrogen, serum phosphorus, γ-glutamyl transferase, ALT, AST, lactate dehydrogenase, serum uric acid, triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference, serum calcium, calcium intake, alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, moderate activity, diabetes and smoking were adjusted