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Table 1 Weighted characteristics of the study population based on total cholesterol quartiles

From: Association between total cholesterol and total bone mineral density in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2018

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

All

Q1 (1.50–4.20)

Q2 (4.21–4.80)

Q3 (4.81–5.51)

Q4 (5.52–21.02)

P value

Age (years, mean ± SD)

39.1475 ± 11.6236

34.3632 ± 11.5422

37.8907 ± 11.3880

40.0022 ± 11.0128

43.9945 ± 10.4141

 < 0.001

Race/ethnicity (n, %)

     

 < 0.001

 Non-Hispanic White

60.6415

58.3164

60.1266

60.6492

63.3028

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

11.2247

14.3237

11.4634

9.9549

9.3376

 

 Mexican American

10.8656

10.1864

11.2935

11.8468

10.1315

 

 Other race/ethnicitya

17.2681

17.1735

17.1165

17.5491

17.2280

 

Gender (n, %)

     

 < 0.001

 Male

50.5703

52.9875

47.5757

49.0817

52.6419

 

 Female

49.4297

47.0125

52.4243

50.9183

47.3581

 

Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life (n, %)

     

 < 0.001

 Yes

40.3948

36.4892

37.6179

41.3839

45.7500

 

 No

59.6052

63.5108

62.3821

58.6161

54.2500

 

Education Level (n, %)

     

0.0222

 Less than high school

13.0264

11.7858

14.5282

12.4560

13.2998

 

 High school

21.8284

22.9680

20.2915

21.2498

22.8050

 

 More than high school

65.1452

65.2462

65.1803

66.2941

63.8952

 

Marital status (n, %)

     

 < 0.001

 Married

62.3723

56.3314

60.5319

65.6445

66.5949

 

 Not married

37.6277

43.6686

39.4681

34.3555

33.4051

 

High blood pressure (n, %)

     

 < 0.001

 Yes

21.9384

18.6004

19.0398

23.9792

25.8529

 

 No

78.0616

81.3996

80.9602

76.0208

74.1471

 

Diabetes (n, %)

     

 < 0.001

 Yes

5.6877

7.6649

4.7825

4.7758

5.5993

 

 No

92.6495

90.5706

93.6912

94.2886

91.9918

 

 Borderline

1.6628

1.7645

1.5262

0.9356

2.4090

 

Moderate activity (n, %)

     

0.0893

 Yes

43.6194

45.8512

43.0304

42.7664

42.9316

 

 No

56.3806

54.1488

56.9696

57.2336

57.0684

 

Ratio of family income-to-poverty

2.8874 ± 1.6253

2.6719 ± 1.5960

2.8465 ± 1.6322

2.9634 ± 1.6149

3.0542 ± 1.6317

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)

28.8526 ± 6.7012

28.0736 ± 7.1665

28.6352 ± 6.9363

29.2626 ± 6.7060

29.3896 ± 5.8874

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm, mean ± SD)

97.6414 ± 16.1154

95.0032 ± 17.5097

96.7701 ± 16.9270

98.6266 ± 15.5517

99.9837 ± 13.9230

 < 0.001

ALT (IU/L, mean ± SD)

26.0021 ± 19.4809

23.4796 ± 17.3589

24.7621 ± 17.5185

26.2276 ± 20.2821

29.3324 ± 21.7419

 < 0.001

AST (IU/L, mean ± SD)

25.1347 ± 17.3020

24.2468 ± 22.0443

24.3868 ± 13.8280

25.0357 ± 15.4333

26.7806 ± 16.8691

 < 0.001

Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L, mean ± SD)

4.5516 ± 1.5137

4.4731 ± 1.6319

4.4469 ± 1.4514

4.5913 ± 1.4617

4.6867 ± 1.4954

 < 0.001

Serum Calcium (mmol/L, mean ± SD)

2.3430 ± 0.0871

2.3321 ± 0.0884

2.3315 ± 0.0808

2.3430 ± 0.0833

2.3642 ± 0.0911

 < 0.001

Serum Phosphorus (mmol/L, mean ± SD)

1.2025 ± 0.1804

1.1977 ± 0.1880

1.1952 ± 0.1739

1.2026 ± 0.1774

1.2138 ± 0.1817

0.0011

γ-glutamyl transferase (IU/L, mean ± SD)

28.0757 ± 43.6617

21.6725 ± 25.0934

25.2668 ± 34.6625

27.8617 ± 33.8083

36.9717 ± 66.3157

 < 0.001

Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L, mean ± SD)

129.7656 ± 28.6577

126.0251 ± 29.4127

128.6559 ± 28.2408

130.8497 ± 27.1949

133.2715 ± 29.2428

 < 0.001

Serum uric acid (umol/L, mean ± SD)

316.7172 ± 80.9951

307.3026 ± 78.3826

309.9944 ± 78.4733

318.2396 ± 82.0241

330.4958 ± 82.7881

 < 0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L, mean ± SD)

1.6841 ± 1.5303

1.1937 ± 0.8179

1.3967 ± 0.8807

1.7269 ± 1.1597

2.3771 ± 2.3662

 < 0.001

Calcium intake (g, mean ± SD)

995.6707 ± 587.4266

1016.9967 ± 631.5901

1020.7488 ± 616.8048

976.4544 ± 547.3698

970.3876 ± 550.5259

0.0016

Alcohol consumption (g, mean ± SD)

13.1840 ± 32.2826

10.5123 ± 28.5117

11.8214 ± 29.5059

14.0598 ± 33.0252

16.1365 ± 36.8261

 < 0.001

Total BMD (g/cm2, mean ± SD)

1.1154 ± 0.1058

1.1252 ± 0.1059

1.1181 ± 0.1054

1.1138 ± 0.1034

1.1052 ± 0.1075

 < 0.001

  1. ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, BMI Body mass index, SD Standard deviation, n Numbers of subjects, %, weighted percentage, BMD bone mineral density; For continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model. For categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test
  2. aOther race/ethnicity included Hispanic and multiracial participants
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X