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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

From: Relationship between diet-related inflammation and bone health under different levels of body mass index

 

Overall

Dietary inflammatory index

Tertile 1 ≥ − 5.281 to ≤ 0.605

Tertile 2 > 0.605 to ≤ 2.424

Tertile 3 > 2.424 to ≤ 5.795

P-value

N

10,521

3508

3508

3505

 

DII, mean (SD)

1.24 (0.04)

 − 0.85 (0.03)

1.54 (0.01)

3.32 (0.02)

 < 0.001

Age, years, mean (SD)

49.38 (0.31)

50.41 (0.44)

48.91 (0.41)

48.68 (0.40)

0.001

Serum calcium, mmol/L, mean (SD)

2.36 (0.00)

2.37 (0.00)

2.36 (0.00)

2.3 6(0.00)

 < 0.001

Serum phosphorus, mmol/L, mean (SD)

1.21 (0.00)

1.21 (0.00)

1.21 (0.00)

1.21 (0.00)

0.87

Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2, mean (SD)

0.82 (0.00)

0.83 (0.00)

0.83 (0.00)

0.81 (0.00)

 < 0.001

Femoral neck BMC, g, mean (SD)

4.37 (0.01)

4.49 (0.02)

4.40 (0.02)

4.19 (0.02)

 < 0.001

Gender, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

Female

4953 (48.76%)

1260 (37.57%)

1615 (47.80%)

2067 (62.67%)

 

Male

5568 (51.24%)

2248 (62.43%)

1893 (52.20%)

1417 (37.33%)

 

Race/ethnicity, n(%)

    

 < 0.001

Mexican American

1604 (6.51%)

575 (6.80%)

542 (6.63%)

483 (6.07%)

 

Non-hispanic black

1864 (8.48%)

483 (6.06%)

593 (8.22%)

785 (11.54%)

 

Non-hispanic white

5479 (75.42%)

1912 (77.91%)

1830 (74.89%)

1725 (73.09%)

 

Other hispanic

863 (4.11%)

274 (3.86%)

295 (4.34%)

293 (4.17%)

 

Other race—including Multi-racial

711 (5.47%)

264 (5.36%)

248 (5.92%)

198 (5.13%)

 

Income, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

Poor

1742 (10.14%)

471 (7.86%)

521 (8.90%)

744 (14.08%)

 

Near poor

4148 (31.73%)

1221 (26.92%)

1418 (32.39%)

1503 (36.59%)

 

Not poor

4631 (58.13%)

1816 (65.21%)

1569 (58.71%)

1237 (49.33%)

 

BMI, kg/m2, n (%)

    

0.004

Underweight

144 (1.37%)

42 (1.41%)

44 (1.32%)

58 (1.39%)

 

Normal

3160 (30.42%)

1110 (32.51%)

1045 (29.58%)

999 (28.89%)

 

Overweight

3876 (36.31%)

1333 (36.41%)

1318 (38.12%)

1218 (34.30%)

 

obese

3485 (31.9%)

1065 (29.66%)

1145 (30.98%)

1267 (35.42%)

 

Smoking, n (%)

4968 (46.21%)

1583(43.86%)

1667 (45.70%)

1711 (49.60%)

0.001

Drinking, n (%)

3327 (35.92%)

1373 (43.41%)

1173 (38.13%)

773 (24.88%)

 < 0.001

Physical activity, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

Low

2880 (27.92%)

820 (23.43%)

989 (29.88%)

1063 (30.94%)

 

Medium

1704 (16.23%)

568 (15.69%)

571 (16.45%)

563 (16.64%)

 

High

5937 (55.86%)

2120 (60.88%)

1948 (53.67%)

1858 (52.42%)

 

Comorbid disease

     

Arthritis, n (%)

2899 (26.85%)

942 (26.78%)

932 (24.95%)

1017 (28.87%)

0.03

Hypertension, n (%)

4408 (37.18%)

1407 (35.53%)

1443 (36.43%)

1545 (39.74%)

0.02

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

1035 (7.8%)

298 (6.95%)

347 (7.85%)

386 (8.68%)

0.16

Diabetes, n (%)

2597 (19.91%)

841 (19.02%)

847 (19.81%)

905 (21.12%)

0.2

CKD, n (%)

1642 (12.39%)

487 (10.39%)

524 (12.12%)

631 (15.06%)

 < 0.001

  1. DII Dietary inflammatory index, SD standard deviation, BMD Bone mineral density, BMC Bone mineral content, BMI Body mass index, CKD Chronic kidney disease
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X