Fig. 2

Case 19: a 10-year-old boy with recurrent pain and drainage from his right tibia. Three months before, he underwent surgery twice due to swelling, redness, and pain with no preceding trauma. However, the drainage from sinus tract (red circle) and pain did not disappear after the operations. a Pre-operative presentation of the right lower leg. b Anteroposterior (AP) radiograph shows chronic osteomyelitis of the right tibia. c In the first-stage surgery, debridement and internal fixation were performed, and antibiotic-loaded bone cement was used to fill the bone defect and medullary cavity. d AP radiograph after bone graft in the second stage of surgery. e AP radiograph shows bone defect healed at 3 months after bone grafting. f AP radiograph shows bone defect remodelled at 23 months after bone grafting. g AP radiograph shows that internal fixation was removed at 26 months after bone grafting. h AP radiograph shows the right tibia at 47 months after bone grafting