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Table 4 Comparison of the parameters according to the HKA angle in male

From: Coronal plane femoral bowing in Far East Asians: implications for the strategy of distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty

Male

HKA 0–10° (n = 135)

HKA 10° < (n = 70)

p value

Age (years old)

70.0 ± 8.0 (52.0 to 88.0)

69.8 ± 7.8 (53.0 to 89.0)

 

Hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA, °)

5.9 ± 2.8 (0.1 to 10.0)

13.5 ± 3.6 (10.1 to 27.6)

 < 0.001*

Neck–shaft angle (NSA, °)

125.1 ± 5.4 (112.3 to 137.2)

124.1 ± 5.4 (109.9 to 133.9)

0.212

pSAD (°)

6.0 ± 1.7 (1.8 to 12.2)

5.7 ± 1.7 (1.1 to 10.3)

0.442

mSAD (°)

6.1 ± 1.0 (3.8 to 8.5)

6.2 ± 1.1 (3.5 to 8.8)

0.556

dSAD (°)

5.1 ± 1.5 (2.1 to 9.5)

6.0 ± 1.6 (3.0 to 10.3)

 < 0.001*

PB (mSAD–pSAD, °)

0.1 ± 1.8 (− 6.3 to 5.2)

0.6 ± 1.6 (− 4.0 to 4.6)

0.102

DB (dSAD–mSAD, °)

 − 1.0 ± 1.6 (− 4.8 to 3.4)

 − 0.3 ± 2.0 (− 4.9 to 5.8)

0.007*

GB (dSAD–pSAD, °)

 − 0.8 ± 2.7 (− 7.7 to 6.6)

0.3 ± 2.9 (− 5.9 to 9.1)

0.007*

mLDFA (°)

88.3 ± 2.1 (82.6 to 95.4)

89.9 ± 2.3 (85.2 to 96.7)

 < 0.001*

Femur length (mm)

433.8 ± 25.9 (368.9 to 517.1)

429.5 ± 21.5 (365.1 to 483.0)

0.335

Isthmic distance (mm)

245.7 ± 26.4 (136.7 to 321.7)

243.0 ± 19.2 (197.2 to 286.2)

0.726

Isthmic location (%)

56.6 ± 4.5 (34.1 to 68.7)

56.6 ± 3.1 (48.1 to 63.6)

0.565

Isthmic diameter (mm)

12.3 ± 2.0 (8.6 to 18.3)

12.0 ± 1.8 (8.7 to 16.8)

0.413

  1. pSAD proximal segmental axial deviation, mSAD middle segmental axial deviation, dSAD distal segmental axial deviation, PB proximal bowing, DB distal bowing, GB gross bowing, mLDFA mechanical lateral distal femoral angle
  2. *p < 0.05