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Table 5 Comparison of MF characteristics in different levels between the ASD group and the control group when the initial operation segments were 1 and 2, respectively

From: Low lumbar multifidus muscle status and bone mineral density are important risk factors for adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion: a case–control study

Level

Characteristic

Number of fusion segments = 1

Number of fusion segments = 2

Patients with ASD

Control

P value

Patients with ASD

Control

P value

L1–2

rCSA

21.50 ± 11.61

20.91 ± 8.51

0.874

23.65 ± 5.85

22.05 ± 7.47

0.506

rFI

34.38 ± 9.26

31.46 ± 6.84

0.335

35.40 ± 9.41

31.62 ± 5.70

0.179

L2–3

rCSA

25.48 ± 12.54

26.20 ± 6.87

0.847

31.12 ± 8.98

32.64 ± 9.53

0.647

rFI

34.20 ± 7.43

30.94 ± 5.88

0.193

35.92 ± 5.02

34.16 ± 5.78

0.364

L3–4

rCSA

25.09 ± 6.21

32.52 ± 9.39

0.016*

30.41 ± 7.00

32.17 ± 6.71

0.474

rFI

37.49 ± 7.02

29.12 ± 6.89

0.003*

40.22 ± 5.19

35.82 ± 4.81

0.019*

L4–5

rCSA

26.23 ± 8.41

34.54 ± 6.92

0.006*

33.43 ± 6.91

34.81 ± 6.79

0.571

rFI

39.23 ± 6.29

30.51 ± 7.14

0.001*

43.77 ± 5.97

33.99 ± 6.40

 < 0.001*

L5–S1

rCSA

29.32 ± 8.29

37.82 ± 8.83

0.011*

29.61 ± 7.58

31.34 ± 8.84

0.556

rFI

38.43 ± 5.67

31.20 ± 5.11

0.001*

39.45 ± 9.50

34.01 ± 7.49

0.082

  1. The values are given as mean ± SD
  2. *Statistical significance
  3. rCSA indicates relative cross-sectional area, rFI indicates relative fat infiltration, ES erector spinae, MF multifidus
  4. A P value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance