Low lumbar multifidus muscle status and bone mineral density are important risk factors for adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion: a case–control study

Table 2 Relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) for multifidus (MF) muscle and erector spinae (ES) muscle

Level	Muscle	Patients with ASD (n = 33)	Control (n = 33)	P value
L1–2	MF	22.79 ± 8.77	21.50 ± 7.65	0.528
L1–2	ES	117.05 ± 18.92	110.95 ± 18.01	0.185
L2–3	MF	28.79 ± 10.88	29.85 ± 8.69	0.663
L2–3	ES	108.06 ± 12.91	105.77 ± 10.65	0.435
L3–4	MF	28.42 ± 7.23	32.52 ± 7.76	0.030*
L3–4	ES	86.66 ± 19.00	85.23 ± 22.18	0.780
L4–5	MF	29.85 ± 8.18	34.54 ± 6.60	0.013*
L4–5	ES	71.38 ± 13.77	71.58 ± 16.65	0.958
L5–S1	MF	29.26 ± 7.59	34.21 ± 9.41	0.022*
L5–S1	ES	51.18 ± 20.73	51.14 ± 20.70	0.993

The values are given as mean ± SD
^*Statistical significance
ASD indicates adjacent segment disease; rCSA, relative cross-sectional area; ES, erector spinae; and MF, multifidus
A P value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance

ISSN: 1749-799X