Table 4 Risk-of-bias assessment of included RCTs
Study | Randomization process | Deviations from intended intervention | Missing outcome data | Measurement of the outcome | Selection of the reported result | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baker et al. [27] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Bottos et al. [28] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Buckon et al. [29] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Corry et al. [9] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Dalvand et al. [30] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Dursun et al. [13] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Dursun et al. [31] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
El-Etribi et al. [20] | Some concerns | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Flett et al. [10] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Hayek et al. [32] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Koman et al. [7] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Koman et al.[23] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Maas et al. [21] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Radtka et al. [33] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
Radtka et al. [34] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Rethlefsen et al. [35] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Sutherland et al. [12] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Ubhi et al. [11] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Xu et al. [36] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
YiÄŸitoÄŸlu et al. [37] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |