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Table 4 Inter- and intra-reliability results between-system, -limb and -device

From: The validity and reliability of the OneStep smartphone application under various gait conditions in healthy adults with feasibility in clinical practice

Gait conditions

Inter-system reliability

Inter-limb reliability

Test–retest intra-device reliability

ICCÂ¥

95% CI

ICCÂ¥

95% CI

ICCÂ¥

95% CI

Pooled gait conditions

      

Double limb stance time

0.96

0.94, 0.97

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.98

0.97, 0.98

Single limb stance time

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.99

0.98, 0.99

0.98

0.97, 0.98

Step length

0.90

0.84, 0.93

0.94

0.91, 0.96

0.97

0.96, 0.98

Cadence

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.98

0.97, 0.98

Stride length

0.93

0.89, 0.95

0.96

0.93, 0.97

0.96

0.94, 0.97

Swing time

0.95

0.92, 0.96

0.93

0.90, 0.95

0.94

0.86, 0.97

Gait speed

0.96

0.94, 0.97

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.98

0.97, 0.99

Self-selected gait speed

      

Double limb stance time

0.61

0.25, 0.82

0.82

0.59, 0.92

0.90

0.77, 0.95

Single limb stance time

0.95

0.87, 0.97

0.94

0.85, 0.97

0.91

0.79, 0.96

Step length

0.60

0.23, 0.82

0.72

0.40, 0.87

0.81

0.57, 0.91

Cadence

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.93

0.83, 0.97

Stride length

0.79

0.53, 0.91

0.82

0.60, 0.92

0.83

0.62, 0.92

Swing time

0.83

0.62, 0.92

0.80

0.57, 0.91

0.90

0.76, 0.95

Gait speed

0.89

0.73, 0.95

0.90

0.77, 0.96

0.92

0.80, 0.96

Fixed gait speed 0.8 m/s

      

Double limb stance time

0.82

0.60, 0.92

0.91

0.79, 0.96

0.88

0.72, 0.94

Single limb stance time

0.97

0.92, 0.98

0.94

0.85, 0.97

0.80

0.56, 0.91

Step length

0.56

0.18, 0.80

0.72

0.42, 0.88

0.88

0.72, 0.94

Cadence

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.80

0.57, 0.91

Stride length

0.79

0.54, 0.91

0.86

0.67, 0.94

0.88

0.72, 0.95

Swing time

0.92

0.80, 0.96

0.74

0.45, 0.88

0.74

0.46, 0.88

Gait speed

0.76

40, 0.90

0.70

0.38, 0.86

0.61

0.24, 0.82

Fixed gait speed 2.0 m/s

      

Double limb stance time

0.63

0.27, 0.83

0.72

0.42, 0.88

0.78

0.53, 0.90

Single limb stance time

0.97

0.91, 0.98

0.99

0.97, 0.99

0.86

0.68, 0.94

Step length

0.62

0.04, 0.85

0.71

0.39, 0.87

0.85

0.66, 0.93

Cadence

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.89

0.74, 0.95

Stride length

0.79

0.54, 0.91

0.85

0.66, 0.93

0.72

0.41, 0.87

Swing time

0.91

0.79, 0.96

0.97

0.92, 0.98

0.91

0.79, 0.96

Gait speed

0.63

0.27, 0.83

0.62

0.26, 0.83

0.83

0.62, 0.92

Self-selected gait speed and dual task

      

Double limb stance time

0.82

0.60, 0.92

0.73

0.44, 0.88

0.93

0.84, 0.97

Single limb stance time

0.96

0.89, 0.98

0.95

0.88, 0.98

0.96

0.91, 0.98

Step length

0.62

0.25, 0.83

0.82

0.59, 0.92

0.93

0.84, 0.97

Cadence

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.99

0.99, 0.99

0.98

0.95, 0.99

Stride length

0.76

0.48, 0.89

0.76

0.49, 0.89

0.97

0.92, 0.98

Swing time

0.84

0.63, 0.93

0.77

0.50, 0.90

0.93

0.84, 0.97

Gait speed

0.87

0.70, 0.94

0.86

0.67, 0.94

0.98

0.96, 0.99

  1. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); confidence interval (CI). Inter-device reliability was measured between motion capture system (Vicon) and smartphone application (OneStep). Inter-limb reliability was measured between smartphone application device secured onto the left and right limbs. Test–retest intra-device reliability was measured between the smartphone application device on the right thigh between time 1 and time 2
  2. ¥< 0.50, poor reliability; 0.50–0.75, moderate reliability; 0.75–0.90, good reliability; > 0.90, excellent reliability