Table 1 Risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation after PELD using univariate analysis
Variable | Recurrent group (N = 57) | Nonrecurrent group (N = 885) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 56.7 ± 8.7 | 41.2 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 |
Gender | |||
Male | 39(68.4) | 462(52.2) | 0.017 |
Female | 18(31.6) | 423(47.8) | |
BMI (kg/cm2) | 25.3 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
Tobacco use | 33 | 261 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol use | 9 | 120 | 0.635 |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 | 110 | 0.836 |
Duration of low back Pain (month) | 29.4 ± 13.2 | 25.2 ± 17.5 | 0.026 |
Duration of leg pain (month) | 16.8 ± 7.4 | 15.0 ± 7.3 | 0.081 |
Preoperative VAS for back | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 0.681 |
Preoperative VAS for leg | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 0.462 |
Sedentary occupation | 18 | 201 | 0.125 |
Occupational lifting | 21 | 111 | < 0.001 |
Herniated disc location | |||
Central | 6(10.5%) | 69(7.8%) | 0.256 |
Paramedian | 42(73.7%) | 732(82.7%) | |
Foraminal | 6(10.5%) | 45(5.1%) | |
Extreme lateral | 3(5.3%) | 39(4.4%) | |
Herniated disc type | |||
Protrusion | 11(19.3%) | 225(25.4%) | 0.011 |
Extrusion | 33(57.9%) | 432(48.8%) | |
Sequestration | 13(22.8%) | 228(25.8%) | |
Pfirrmann Grading System | |||
Grade I | 1(1.8) | 27(3.1) | 0.101 |
Grade II | 12(21.1) | 237(26.8) | |
Grade III | 12(21.1) | 294(33.2) | |
Grade IV | 20(35.1) | 219(24.7) | |
Grade V | 8(14.0) | 78(8.8) | |
Grade VI | 4(7.0) | 30(3.4) | |
Modic change | 12 | 138 | 0.275 |
Facet joints degeneration | |||
Grade 0 | 5(8.8) | 165(18.6) | < 0.001 |
Grade I | 15(26.3) | 318(35.9) | |
Grade II | 29(50.9) | 223(25.2) | |
Grade III | 8(14.0) | 179(20.2) | |
FO (°) | 46.3 ± 5.7 | 47.4 ± 5.2 | 0.160 |
FT (°) | 3.92 ± 2.18 | 4.42 ± 2.13 | 0.091 |
Operative segment | |||
L2-L3 | 0 | 3 | 0.550 |
L3-L4 | 0 | 18 | |
L4-L5 | 30 | 405 | |
L5-S1 | 27 | 459 | |
Surgical approach | |||
PTED | 51 | 786 | 0.878 |
PIED | 6 | 99 | |
Operation time (minute) | 82.4 ± 21.2 | 87.4 ± 10.5 | 0.001 |
Time to ambulation (day) | 17.0 ± 7.2 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |