Fig. 2

Knockdown of ClC-3 chloride channels promoted the expression of Smad2 and Smad3, while knockdown of TβR inhibited Smad2 and Smad3 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Immunocytochemical staining of Smad2 (a) and Smad3 in the three groups (b). The phosphorylation protein levels of Smad2 and Smad3 in the total proteins and nuclear proteins (c), and the relative quantification analysis diagrams of protein bands (d). Scale bars = 50 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with the control group