Table 2 Generalities and patient baseline of the included studies (please define the abbreviations)

Akbarnia et al. [23]

Spine Deformity

Prospective

10

1. EOS of any aetiology; 2. clear indication for an operative intervention; 3. Minimum 3 outpatient distractions were done

Burstein et al. [24]

J Spine

Prospective

31

1. EOS at any aetiology; 2. Cobb’s angle > 40 degree, and/or progression > 5 deg., and/or failed non-operative treatment; 3. FU minimum 2 years

Cheung et al. [25]

Lancet

Prospective

19

1. Remain growth potential; 2. Treated with MCGR for 24 months

Cheung et al. [26]

Neurosurgery

Retrospective

73.2

1. Minimum 4-year FU for post-implantation of single and dual MCGR

Cheung et. al. [27]

Spine Deformity

Prospective

24

1. No prior treatment to spinal deformity;2. At least 2-year FU after primary MCGR insertion

Dahl et al. [28]

J Orthop Surg

Retrospective

22.8

1. Treated with MCGRs at a single situation; 2. primary surgery

Dannawi et al. [29]

Bone Joint J

Prospective

15

1. EOS from any cause; 2. Failed non-operative treatment with bracing or observative; 3. Progression of the curvature of > 10 deg. over 6-month period with Cobb angle > 40°; 5. any evidence of infection

Di Silvestre et al. [30]

Eur Spine J

Retrospective

34.8

1. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; 2. Thoracic curve with minimum preoperative Cobb’s angle 90 deg.; 3. at least 2.5 years FU; 4. Aged between 11 and 17 years old; 5. No preoperative treatment with halo-traction/serial corrective Risser’s plasters

Doany et al. [31]

Spine

Retrospective

34.3

1. EOS of any aetiology; 2. age less than 10 years at index surgery; 3. Major curve greater than or equal to 30 deg.; 4. No history of spine surgery before growing rod insertion; 5. At least 12-month postoperative follow-up

Heydar et al. [32]

Spine

Prospective

9

1. EOS of any aetiology; 2. Cobb's angle equals or greater than 40 deg.; 3. Rising Cobb’s angle by 10 deg. 4. T1–T12 < 22 cm; 5. Younger 10 years; 6. Accepted implantation for min. period of 9 months; 7. Consent from parents; 8. MAGEC implantation as primary surgery

Hickey et al. [33]

Eur Spine J

Prospective

23

1. Inserted magnetic controlled growth rods (MAGEC) for management of EOS with minimum of 23 months follow-up

Keskinen et al. [34]

Eur Spine J

Retrospective

12

1. Diagnosis of EOS; 2. Surgery before age of 11 years; 3. Minimum 30° major curve by Cobb angle; 4. Thoracic spinal height < 22 cm; 5. At least 1-year postoperative follow-up

Kwan et al. [19]

Spine

Retrospective

37

1. Progressive spinal deformity

La Rosa et al. [35]

J Pediatr Orthop

Prospective

27

1. EOS was diagnosed before age of 5; 2. Patients was initially managed with cast and braces until value of curvature > 40 deg

Lebon et al. [36]

Eur Spine J

Retrospective

18.4

1. Failed conservative treatment/revision of GR; 2 follow-ups longer than 12 months

Pepke et al. [37]

Der Orthopäede

Retrospective

24

1. Patients were under 10 years old; 2. scoliotic curve > 40°; 3. primary spine surgery; 4. any congenital, syndromic/neuromuscular scoliosis

Ridderbusch et al. [38]

J Paed Orthop

Retrospective

21.1

1. EOS at any aetiology; 2. Major curve > 40 Deg. 3. at least 12moths FU; 4. at least 3 lengthening steps

Skov et al. [7]

Int Orthop

Prospective

67.2

1. Progressive EOS of all aetiology are treated with Cody Bünger concept; 2. Minimum 2 years FU; 3. any salvage/complex spine procedure with/without Cody Bünger concept; 4. longer than 2 years EOS treatment

Studer et al. [39]

J Children orthop

Prospective

25

1. First 30 patients underwent MCGR treatment

Teoh et al. [40]

Spine J

Retrospective

48

1. Minimum 44 months of FU

Thompson et al. [41]

Bone Joint J

Prospective

22.4

1. Diagnosed with progressive thoracic/thoracolumbar scoliosis

Wijdicks et al. [14]

Spine Deformity

Retrospective

36

1. Skeletal immaturity; 2. Progressive scoliosis; 3. Major curve > 45 deg

Yoon et al. [42]

Spine

Prospective

30

1. EOS secondary to neuromuscular disease