Fig. 1
From: Varus morphology and its surgical implication in osteoarthritic knee and total knee arthroplasty
Radiographic assessment of preoperative measurements. A HKA hip–knee–ankle angle, AMA anatomical–mechanical angle, MNSA medial neck shaft angle. B Deformity analysis angles. LPFA lateral proximal femoral angle, mLDFA mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, MPTA medial proximal tibial angle, LDTA lateral distal tibial angle. C LFBA lateral femoral bowing angle. D JLCA joint line converge angle. E MAD mechanical axis deviation distance