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Table 2 Comparison of outcomes between the ITM and control group

From: Intrathecal morphine in combination with bupivacaine as pre-emptive analgesia in posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a retrospective cohort study

 

Raw values (median, IQR)

Weighted values (median, IQR)

Weighted average treatment effect

Control group

ITM

Control group

ITM

Difference in means (95% CI)

p value

Total IV morphine equivalent administered intraoperatively and in recovery (mg)

18 (14–21)

0 (0–4)

17 (14–21)

0 (0–5)

15.6 (12.9–18.0)

< 0.001

Total 48-h morphine equivalent (mg)

88 (58–130)

20 (2.5–40)

80 (55–130)

20 (10–40)

75.3 (49.7–90.5)

< 0.001

Length of stay (days)

4 (3–5)

3 (2–4)

4 (3–5)

3 (2–4)

1.3 (0.5–2.1)

0.006

VAS pain recovery (0–10)

6 (0–8)

0 (0–4)

6 (0–8)

0 (0–4)

2.8 (1.3–4.7)

0.001

Worst VAS pain day 2 (0–10)

7 (5–8)

6 (4–8)

7 (5–8)

6 (4–8)

0.9 (-0.4–2.0)

0.19

  1. The weighted average treatment effect was calculated based on propensity score weighting