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Table 1 Overview of the included studies

From: Peri-articular administration of tranexamic acid is an alternative route in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Title

Year

Region

Age

Gender

BMI

Study design

Pinsornsak P

Peri-articular tranexamic acid injection in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial

2016

Thailand

PAI 67.63

IV 69.97

PAI 5M/25F

IV 7M/23F

PAI 27.96

IV 26.52

A randomized controlled trial

Mao Z

A comparative, retrospective study of peri-articular and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid for the management of postoperative blood loss after total knee arthroplasty

2016

China

PAI 68.5

IA 69.7

Non-TXA 69.6

PAI 8M/41F

IA 5M/31F

Non-TXA 10M/32F

PAI 25.9

IA 25.6

Non-TXA 26.6

A retrospective study

Yozawa S

Periarticular injection of tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and the necessity for allogeneic transfusion after total knee arthroplasty using autologous transfusion: a retrospective observational study

2017

Japan

PAI 75.1

Non-TXA 73.0

PAI 13M/31F

Non-TXA 10M/34F

PAI 26.4

Non-TXA 26.0

A retrospective study

Zhang S

Multi-route applications of tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial

2019

China

PAI 66

IA 68.5

PAI + IA 66

Non-TXA 68

PAI 16M/37F

IA 14M/38F

PAI + IA 11M/39F

Non-TXA 12M/43F

PAI 25.98

IA 25.32

PAI + IA 25.52

Non-TXA 25.28

A randomized controlled trial

Besiris GT

Topical use of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty: a comparative study

2020

Greece

PAI 72.08

IA 72.27

NR

NR

A observational prospective comparative study

Lin YK

Significantly reducing blood loss via a peri-articular injection of tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study

2021

China

70.46

18M/32F

27.65

A retrospective study

Sivasubramanian H

Local infiltration of analgesia and tranexamic acid is safe and efficacious in reducing blood loss and comparable to intra-articular tranexamic acid in total knee replacements

2021

Singapore

PAI 65.5

IA 66.8

PAI 9M/12F

IA 20M/22F

PAI 20.6

IA 21.5

A retrospective study

Pinsornsak P

Efficacy and systemic absorption of peri-articular versus intra-articular administration of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial

2021

Thailand

PAI 65.6

IA 68.4

Non-TXA 68.6

PAI 2M/34F

IA 3M/33F

Non-TXA 4M/32F

PAI 27.4

IA 26.9

Non-TXA 25.6

A prospective randomized controlled trial

Peng HM

Multimodal Peri-articular Injection with Tranexamic Acid can reduce postoperative blood loss versus intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial

2021

China

PAI 68.65

IV 68.13

PAI 7M/39F

IV 6M/41F

PAI 26.81

IV 27.06

A randomized controlled trial

Kim KI

Tranexamic acid in a periarticular multimodal cocktail injection for blood management in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study

2021

Korea

IV 72.08

PAI 72.58

PAI + IV 72.35

IV 13M/67F

PA 13M/67F

PAI + IV 11M/69F

IV 26.36

PAI 26.54

PAI + IV 26.05

A prospective randomized study

  1. PAI, periarticular injection; IV, intravenous; IA, intra-articular injection; TXA, tranexamic acid; M, male; F, female; NR, not report