Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
First author (year) | Country of study | ne1/nc1 ne2/nc2 | Experimental group (type of exercise) | Control group (type of exercise) | Intervention time | Outcomes measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dias [28] | Brazil | 33/32 | Aquatic exercise and an educational protocol | An educational protocol | Six weeks | WOMAC muscle strength Power and resistance |
Silva [9] | Brazil | 32/32 | Aquatic physical therapy | Land-based exercise | 18 weeks | Lequesne Index Scores WOMAC, VAS, 50FWT |
Kars Fertelli [24] | Turkey | 60/60 | Aquatic physical therapy | Not receive any intervention | 8 weeks | WOMAC, ASS Muscle strength |
Hale [33] | New Zealand | 23/16 | Aquatic physical therapy | Computer skills training | 12 weeks | Falls risk ratio Step test, TUGT, ABC Scale AIMS2-SF 26, WOMAC |
Hinman [31] | Australia | 36/35 | Aquatic physical therapy | Usual care | 6 weeks | VAS, WOMAC, AQOL, PASE Muscle strength step test, TUGT, 6MWT |
Lim [32] | Korea | 24/22 24/22 | Aquatic physical therapy | Land-based exercise Home-based exercise | 8 weeks | Body weight, BMI, lean body mass, body fat mass, body fat proportion, abdominal fat, BPI WOMAC SF-36 Peak torque, knee extensor and flexor |
Lund [12] | Denmark | 27/25 27/27 | Aquatic physical therapy | Land-based exercise Not receive any intervention | 8 weeks | VAS KOOS |
Rantalainen [26] | Finland | 42/42 | Aquatic physical therapy | Usual care | 16 weeks | T2 relaxation time, DGEMRIC index Cardiorespiratory fitness, force KOOS |
Suomi [25] | WI | 10/10 10/10 | Aquatic physical therapy | Land-based exercise Not receive any intervention | 8 weeks | Flexibility, hand–eye coordination Right arm curls, Left arm curls RSHab isometric, LSHab isometric, LHab isometric Functional capacity evaluation |
Taglietti [34] | Brazil | 31/29 | Aquatic physical therapy | Educational program | 8 weeks | VAS, WOMAC, SF-36 Depression, TUGT |
Waller [27] | Finland | 43/44 | Aquatic physical therapy | Usual care | 4 months | Walking speed, body mass, BMI, lean mass, fat mass KOOS |
Wang [30] | USA | 20/18 | Aquatic physical therapy | Usual care | 12 weeks | Flexibility, muscle strength 6MWT, MDHAQ, VAS |
Wang [23] | Taiwan | 26/26 26/26 | Aquatic physical therapy | Land-based exercise Not receive any intervention | 12 weeks | KOOS, ROM, 6MWT |