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Table 1 Revised Japanese orthopaedic association scoring system

From: The influence of ossification morphology on surgery outcomes in patients with thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (TOLF)

Motor function: lower extremity

Unable to stand up and walk by any means 0

Able to stand up but unable to walk 0.5

Unable to walk without a cane or other support on a level 1

Able to walk without support but with a clumsy gait 1.5

Walks independently on a level but needs support on stairs 2

Able to walk independently when going upstairs, but needs support when going downstairs 2.5

Capable of fast but clumsy walking 3

Normal 4

Sensory function: lower extremity

Complete loss of touch and pain sensation 0

50% or less normal sensation and/or severe pain or numbness 0.5

More than 60% normal sensation and/or moderate pain or numbness 1

Subjective numbness of slight degree without any objective sensory deficit 1.5

Normal 2

Sensory function: trunk

Complete loss of touch and pain sensation 0

50% or less normal sensation and/or severe pain or numbness 0.5

More than 60% normal sensation and/or moderate pain or numbness 1

Subjective numbness of slight degree without any objective sensory deficit 1.5

Normal 2

Bladder function

Urinary retention and/or incontinence 0

Sense of retention and/or dribbling and/or thin stream and/or incomplete continence 1

Urinary retardation and/or pollakiuria 2

Normal 3

Total score 11