Effects of posterior lumbar nonfusion surgery with isobar devices versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery on clinical and radiological features in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases: a meta-analysis

Table 3 Results of GRADE evidence evaluation

Outcome indicators	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Upgrade conditions	Overall quality of evidence	Importance
Surgical duration	Serious^a	Serious^b	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕ Moderate	Important
Intraoperative bleeding	Serious^a	Serious^b	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕ Moderate	Important
ODI	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕⊕ High	Important
VAS for LBP	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕⊕ High	Important
VAS for lower limb pain	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Serious^c	Undetected	None	⊕⊕ Low	Not important
JOA score	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Serious^c	Undetected	None	⊕⊕ Low	No Important
Surgical segment ROM	Serious^a	Serious^b	Not serious	Serious^c	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕ Moderate	Important
Lumbar ROM	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕⊕ High	Important
Number of ASD case	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Undetected	None	⊕⊕⊕⊕ High	Important

^aRandom grouping, allocation concealment and blinding cannot be implemented
^bThe heterogeneity test showed that there was high heterogeneity between the studies
^cSmall number of studies

ISSN: 1749-799X