| Current study | Panjabi et al. [27] (2001) | Zhou et al. [28] (2019) | Anderst et al. [29] (2015) |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | In extension and flexion position | |||
C3/4 | 11.99 | 9.26 | 14.9 ± 4.0 | 17.1 ± 3.3 |
C4/5 | 11.62 | 10.40 | 19.4 ± 2.9 | 19.5 ± 3.4 |
C5/6 | 10.43 | 10.19 | 17.1 ± 4.2 | 19.7 ± 3.7 |
C6/7 | 8.05 | 7.54 | 12.3 ± 4.2 | 15.8 ± 4.8 |
 | In lateral bending position | |||
C3/4 | 8.78 | 9.098 | 12.4 ± 3.1 | 14.3 ± 2.8 |
C4/5 | 6.86 | 9.294 | 9.8 ± 2.4 | 13.1 ± 3.2 |
C5/6 | 6.49 | 6.678 | 10.0 ± 2.3 | 12.3 ± 3.2 |
C6/7 | 5.52 | 5.629 | 10.6 ± 3.3 | 14.5 ± 3.9 |
 | In axial rotation position | |||
C3/4 | 8.36 | 5.352 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 11.8 ± 2.1 |
C4/5 | 7.35 | 6.915 | 6.5 ± 1.9 | 11.3 ± 1.7 |
C5/6 | 6.85 | 5.295 | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 1.9 |
C6/7 | 3.27 | 3.051 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 1.7 |