Cervical non-fusion using biomimetic artificial disc and vertebra complex: technical innovation and biomechanics analysis

Table 1 Material properties assigned to the finite element models

Component	Element type	Number of element	Young modulus (Mpa)	Poisson ratio	Cross-sectional area (mm²)
Cortical bone	C3D8	205,740	10,000	0.3
Cortical endplate	C3D4	36,902	3000	0.25
Cancellous bone	C3D4	1,274,162	100	0.2
Cartilaginous endplate	C3D8	16,002	24	0.4
Nucleus pulpous	C3D8	68,229	Hyperelastic C₁₀ = 0.12 C₀₁ = 0.09
Annulus grounds	C3D8	44,037	Hyperelastic C₁₀ = 0.56 C₀₁ = 0.14
Annulus fibers	T3D2	1,762,759	Nonlinear^a	0.3
Anterior longitudinal	T3D2	574	Nonlinear^a	0.3	11.1
Posterior longitudinal	T3D2	72,096	Nonlinear^a	0.3	11.3
Ligamentum flavum	T3D2	73	Nonlinear^a	0.3	46.0
Capsular ligament	T3D2	123	Nonlinear^a	0.3	42.2
Interspinous	T3D2	40	Nonlinear^a	0.3	13.0
Titanium alloy	C3D4	–	110,000	0.3

^aLigament properties are referred to a previous study (Liu et al. 2019) [19] for details

ISSN: 1749-799X