Fig. 1

PRISMA diagram of search records and included studies. (Descriptive caption: flowchart indicates 95 records were identified through database searching, 0 additional records were identified through other sources, 95 records remained after duplicates were removed, 95 total records were screened, 66 records were excluded based on title/abstract, 29 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, 19 full-text articles were excluded for not presenting data by Schatzker type and/or not containing any outcome of interest, 10 studies were included in qualitative synthesis)