Table 1 Characteristics, diagnosis, and surgical information in each technique
Intraoperative imaging information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No imaging (n = 208) | C-arm only (n = 55) | O-arm only (n = 213) | Both arms (n = 36) | |
Characteristics | ||||
Agea, years | 65.00 (54.25–75.00) | 57.00 (16.00–66.25) | 63.00 (21.0–72.00) | 64.50 (58.00–71.50) |
Female sex, N (%) | 103 (49.5) | 27 (49.1) | 117 (54.9) | 23 (63.9) |
BMIa, kg/m2 | 24.52 (21.87–27.84) | 22.00 (18.76–26.54) | 22.97 (20.37–26.11) | 25.32 (22.17–28.60) |
Obesity, N (%) | 102 (49.0) | 17 (30.9) | 71 (33.3) | 20 (55.6) |
Hypertension, N (%) | 79 (38.0) | 13 (23.6) | 70 (32.9) | 15 (41.7) |
Diabetes, N (%) | 34 (16.3) | 9 (16.4) | 49 (20.0) | 10 (27.8) |
Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 11 (5.3) | 3 (5.5) | 11 (5.2) | 3 (8.3) |
Chronic renal failure, N (%) | 12 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (5.6) |
Steroid use, N (%) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.8) | 8 (3.8) | 6 (16.7) |
Smoking, N (%) | 10 (4.8) | 5 (9.0) | 12 (5.6) | 0 (0) |
ASA-PS ≥ 3, N (%) | 53 (25.5) | 18 (32.7) | 70 (32.9) | 9 (25.0) |
JOA scorea | 13.50 (11.50–15.00) | 15.00 (11.00–17.00) | 14.00 (10.50–17.00) | 13.25 (11.75–15.00) |
Diagnosis | ||||
Trauma | ||||
Cervical, N (%) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
Thoracic, lumbar, N (%) | 3 (1.4) | 3 (5.5) | 7 (3.3) | 0 (0) |
Degenerative disease | ||||
Cervical, N (%) | 38 (18.3) | 9 (16.4) | 107 (50.2) | 2 (5.6) |
Thoracic and lumbar, N (%) | 95 (45.7) | 19 (34.5) | 13 (6.1) | 31 (86.1) |
Spinal cord tumor, N (%) | 52 (25) | 1 (1.8) | 7 (3.3) | 0 (0) |
Spinal deformity, N (%) | 6 (2.9) | 17 (30.9) | 64 (30.0) | 3 |
RA, N (%) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.8) | 7 (3.3) | 0 (0) |
DSA, N (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
Metastatic disease, N (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) |
Others, N (%) | 11 (5.3) | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Surgical information | ||||
Instrumentation, N (%) | 5 (2.4) | 51 (92.7) | 134 (62.9) | 36 (100) |
Posterior surgery, N (%) | 208 (100) | 54 (98.2) | 210 (98.6) | 34 (94.4) |
Number of surgical levelsa | 2.00 (1.00–3.00) | 4.00 (1.00– 7.00) | 5.00 (4.00 – 8.00) | 2.00 (1.00 – 3.00) |
Duration of surgerya | 176.50 (123.00–257.00) | 266.00 (198.00 – 352.00) | 262.00 (181.50– 366.00) | 269.50 (225.50– 373.20) |
Blood loss (mL)a | 95.00 (30.00–217.50 | 350.00 (150.00–810.00) | 250.00 (80.00–580.00) | 240.00 (122.25–560.00) |