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Table 2 Summary of the histological findings

From: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins-4, 6, 7, and 9 in human induced membrane samples treated with the Masquelet technique

Case

Sex

Age

Affected site

Blood vessel counts per 1 mm2

Inflammation

Foreign body reaction

Fibrosis

Osteogenesis within the membrane

Two-layer structure

Synovial-like structure at the surface

Fibrin deposition

1

M

58

Femur

70

1

2

1

−

+

+

−

2

M

51

Femur

20

1

3

2

−

+

−

+

3

F

72

Femur

30

2

1

1

−

+

+

+

4

M

43

Tibia

55

1

1

2

+

+

+

−

5

M

52

Tibia

15

2

2

1

−

+

−

+

6

M

42

Tibia

20

2

3

1

−

+

−

+

  1. The degree of inflammation, foreign body reaction, and fibrosis was graded from 0 to 3
  2. M male, F female