Table 2 Incidence of intra-articular injuries in distal clavicular fractures and injury type among the included studies
Study | Number of patients | Fracture classification | Incidence of intra-articular injuries | Injury type | Follow-up (mean) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dey Hazra et al. [31] 2020 Retrospective cohort study | 8 | Jäger and Breitner IIA/Neer IIB | 37.5% (3 patients) | Labral tear (1) SLAP lesion (1) Pulley lesion (1) Biceps tendon lesion (1) PASTA – Ellman A1 (1) SSC partial rupture – Fox and Romeo 2 (1) SGHL injury (1) | 36 (36.6 ± 14.3) months | Outcome differences were not evaluated Additional surgical treatment was required in patients with concomitant injuries |
Helfen et al. [24] 2018 Retrospective cohort study | 41 | Neer type II | 27% (11 patients) | SLAP lesion (1) SSP transmural tears (3) SSP partial ruptures (5) SSC partial rupture (1) Pulley lesion (1) Bankart lesions (2) | 12 months | No outcome differences in Constant score and Oxford shoulder score were found regarding concomitant injuries Additional surgical treatment, other than debridement, was required in 5 patients with concomitant injuries Out of 11 patients with concomitant glenohumeral injuries, five of them were diagnosed during the primary arthroscopy, and six of them during the diagnostic arthroscopy at the time of hardware removal In the subgroup of existing concomitant injuries, out of all measured functional outcome parameters implant removal and late arthroscopy benefitted patients' functional outcomes |
Kuner et al. [32] 2018 Retrospective cohort study | 20 | Neer type II | 0% | None | 12–50 (18.7) months | |
Sautet et al. [21] 2018 Retrospective cohort study | 14 | Neer type IIb | 0% | None | 6–55 (20) months | |
Xiong et al. [29] 2018 Prospective cohort study | 28 | Neer type II | 14.29% (4 patients) | Bankart lesion (1) Rotator cuff injury (1) Glenolabral articular disruption (1) Acromioclavicular joint arthritis (1) | 7–160 (57) months | Concomitant injuries were repaired arthroscopically at the time of fracture fixation Rehabilitation time was lengthened in patients with concomitant injuries Outcome differences were not evaluated |
Blake et al. [22] 2017 Prospective cohort study | 17 | Neer type II | 0% | None | The mean duration from surgery to the most recent follow-up was 12 months | |
Cisneros and Reiriz [28] 2017 Retrospective cohort study | 9 | Neer type IIb | 22.22% (2 patients) | Rotator cuff tears (2) | 46–52 (49) months | Concomitant injuries were repaired when detected Outcome differences were not evaluated |
Beirer et al. [23] 2015 Prospective cohort study | 28 | Jäger and Breitner I, II, and III | 46% (13 patients) | SLAP (4) Pulley lesions – Habermeyer III (3) PASTA (1) SSC lesion – Fox and Romeo II (1) | Additional surgical treatment was required in 8 of 13 (61.54%) patients with concomitant injuries Outcome differences were not evaluated | |
Kraus et al. [33] 2015 Prospective cohort study | 20 | Neer type II | 10% (2 patients) | SSC tear – Fox and Romero I and II (2) | 13–38 (23) months | Patients with concomitant injuries required surgical treatment Outcome differences were not evaluated |
Loriaut et al. [30] 2013 Prospective cohort study | 24 | Neer type IIb | 8.33% (2 patients) | Rotator cuff injury (1) Labral tear (1) | 24–51 (35) months | Patients with concomitant injuries required surgical repair Outcome differences were not evaluated |
Total | 209 | 17.70% |