Table 3 Main findings of the included studies

Boddula et al. [22]

Seven patients showed chondral lesions, located at medial and lateral patellar facet, while one patient reported an associated lateral trochlea chondral lesion

Chan et al. [23]

Chondral fracture and a lateral trochlea chondral lesion were found in one patient

Franzone et al. [24]

Twenty patients had patellar chondral lesions, while five patients reported lateral trochlea defects

Gaweda et al. [25]

Nineteen patients had severe and extensive patellar chondral defects

Kita et al. [26]

Twenty-seven patients reported patellar lesions, while eight showed lateral trochlea chondral defects, after MPFL rupture

Lee et al. [27]

After MPFL reconstruction, 26 patients presented patellar chondral lesions, while16 patients had lateral trochlea lesions

Luhmann et al. [28]

Patellar osteochondral lesions were present in 30 knees, femoral lesions were documented in 11 knees, and loose bodies were present in 6 knees

Maffulli et al. [29]

At arthroscopy, there was an osteochondral lesion less than 15 mm in diameter in 13 of 34 patients. The osteochondral defects were in the medial patellar facet (n = 6), on the lateral femoral trochlea (n = 4), and on both the medial patellar facet and the lateral femoral trochlea in 3 patients

Nha et al. [30]

All patients reported patellar lesions, while 14 showed lateral trochlea chondral defects, after MPFL rupture