Table 1 Univariate analyses of risk factors associated with preoperative DVT following hip fracture
Various | Number (%) of patients with DVT (n = 51) | Number (%) of patients without DVT (n = 806) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.066 | ||
Male | 41 (80.4) | 549 (68.1) | |
Female | 10 (19.6) | 257 (31.9) | |
Age (year) | 48.7 ± 9.4 | 45.0 ± 10.9 | 0.018 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.769 | ||
≤ 23.9 | 31 (60.8) | 503 (62.4) | |
24–27.9 | 17 (33.3) | 240 (29.8) | |
≥ 28 | 3 (5.9) | 63 (7.8) | |
Fracture type | 0.076 | ||
Femoral neck fracture | 30 (58.8) | 569 (70.6) | |
Intertrochanteric fracture | 21 (41.2) | 237 (29.4) | |
Injury mechanism | 0.028 | ||
High or medium-impact | 21 (41.2) | 459 (56.9) | |
Low-impact | 30 (58.8) | 347 (43.1) | |
Time from injury to DUS (day) | 8.6 ± 5.8 | 3.3 ± 3.1 | 0.001 |
Total hospital stays (day) | 21.1 ± 9.3 | 13.4 ± 8.5 | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 12 (23.5) | 170 (21.1) | 0.680 |
Diabetes mellitus | 8 (15.7) | 80 (9.9) | 0.189 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (9.8) | 60 (7.4) | 0.537 |
Heart disease | 3 (5.9) | 45 (5.6) | 0.928 |
Lung disease | 3 (5.9) | 40 (5.0) | 0.770 |
History of liver disease | 3 (5.9) | 21 (2.6) | 0.169 |
History of surgery | 9 (17.6) | 174 (21.6) | 0.505 |
Place of residence | 0.124 | ||
Rural | 39 (76.5) | 532 (66.0) | |
Urban | 12 (23.5) | 274 (34.0) | |
Cigarette smoking | 5 (9.8) | 122 (15.1) | 0.299 |
Alcohol consumption | 18 (35.3) | 202 (25.1) | 0.105 |
ASA scoring | 0.749 | ||
I–II | 44 (86.3) | 682 (84.6) | |
III–IV | 7 (13.7) | 124 (15.4) | |
Total protein (< 60 g/L) | 21 (41.2) | 197 (24.4) | 0.008 |
Albumin (< 35 g/L) | 28 (54.9) | 206 (25.6) | 0.001 |
ALT (> upper limit) | 12 (23.5) | 125 (15.5) | 0.130 |
AST (> upper limit) | 9 (17.6) | 113 (14.0) | 0.472 |
HCRP (> 8 mg/L) | 44 (86.3) | 622 (77.2) | 0.130 |
LDH (> 250 U/L) | 26 (51.0) | 244 (30.3) | 0.002 |
Sodium (< 137 mmol/L) | 31 (60.8) | 241 (29.9) | 0.001 |
FBG (> 6.1 mmol/L) | 22 (43.1) | 289 (35.9) | 0.294 |
UA (> upper limit) | 1 (2.0) | 61 (7.6) | 0.134 |
WBC (> 10 * 109/L) | 13 (25.5) | 252 (31.3) | 0.387 |
Neutrophils count (> 6.3 * 109/L) | 25 (49.0) | 420 (52.1) | 0.668 |
Lymphocyte count (< 1.8 * 109/L) | 20 (39.2) | 309 (38.3) | 0.900 |
RBC (< lower limit) | 35 (68.6) | 298 (37.0) | 0.001 |
HGB (< lower limit) | 26 (51.0) | 283 (35.1) | 0.022 |
HCT (> upper limit) | 44 (86.3) | 446 (55.3) | 0.001 |
Platelet (> upper limit) | 19 (37.3) | 91 (11.3) | 0.001 |
RDW (> upper limit) | 3 (5.9) | 36 (4.5) | 0.677 |
PDW (< lower limit) | 8 (15.7) | 79 (9.8) | 0.402 |
D-dimer (> 0.5 mg/L) | 39 (76.5) | 529 (65.6) | 0.112 |