Fig. 2
Humeral preparation begins with a Darrach retractor (asterisk) placed medially in the glenohumeral joint and cobra retractor (arrowhead) deep to the deltoid. b Chandler retractor (star) is then placed deep to subscapularis, while the arm is externally rotated. c Continued external rotation improves humeral head visualization, allowing osteophyte removal with a rongeur followed by d reaming of humeral subchondral bone over a central guide pin