Table 3 The detailed information of tourniquet use

Alexandersson 2018

300 mmHg

After bandage applied

Intravenously, 1 g, 10 min before surgery

Concina 2019

300 mmHg

Before wound closure

Intravenously, 15 mg/kg, 20 min before surgery and after 4 h

Ejaz 2014

250 mmHg

After bandages applied

Orally, 1 g, before surgery; orally, 0.5 g 3 h after surgery

Huang 2017

100 mm Hg above systolic pressure

NA

Intravenously, 20 mg/kg, 5 to 10 min before the skin incision; Intravenous, 10 mg/kg, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after operation; Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively

Ma 2017

100 mm Hg above systolic pressure

NA

Intravenously, 20 mg/kg, anesthesia induction; Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively; Intravenous, 10 mg/kg, 3, 6, 12, 24 h after anesthesia induction

Palanne 2020¹

250 mmHg

After bandages applied

Intravenously, 1 g, 5 min before surgery; Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively; 1 g, 3 h, 6 h after surgery

Palanne 2020²

250 mmHg

After bandages applied

Intravenously, 1 g, 5 min before surgery; Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively; 1 g, 3 h, 6 h after surgery

Wang 2017

300 mmHg

After bandages applied

Intravenously, 1 g, 15 min before surgery; Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively

Wang 2019

NA

After bandages applied

Intravenously, 1 g, 15 min before surgery; Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively; Intravenously, 1 g, 3 h after surgery

Xie 2017

100 mm Hg above systolic pressure

After bandages applied

Intravenously, 20 mg/kg, 10 min before surgery; Topical, 60 ml, intraoperatively

Xue 2018

100 mm Hg above systolic pressure

After fascia layer closed

Intravenously, 1 kg, 30 min before surgery

Yu 2017

300 mmHg

After bandages applied

Topical, 1 g, intraoperatively

Zak 2021

NA

NA

Intravenously, two dose of 1 g, before surgery and during wound closure

Zeng 2021

100 mmHg above systolic blood pressure

After bandages applied

Intravenously, 1 kg, before surgery

Zhou 2017

NA

NA

Intravenously, 1 g, at the initiation of the surgery and just before closure