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Table 2 The subgroups analysis for VEGF and overall survival in patients with osteosarcoma

From: The role of vascular endothelial growth factor as a prognostic and clinicopathological marker in osteosarcoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Subgroup

Number of studies

Model

Heterogeneity test

Effect size

Conclusion

I2

p value

HR

95%CI

p value

Ethnicity

Asian

8

Fixed

0.0%

0.774

2.49

1.85–3.35

 < 0.001

Significant

Non-Asian

3

Fixed

0.0%

0.695

2.20

1.34–3.61

0.002

Significant

Publication (year)

 ≥ 2014

5

Fixed

0.0%

0.833

1.94

1.32–2.83

0.001

Significant

 < 2014

6

Fixed

0.0%

0.942

2.87

2.04–4.04

 < 0.001

Significant

Testing isoform

IHC

10

Fixed

0.0%

0.959

2.45

1.84–3.25

 < 0.001

Significant

qRT-PCR

1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Antibody type

Santa Cruz

5

Fixed

0.0%

0.896

2.65

1.83–3.83

0.001

Significant

Others

4

Fixed

0.0%

0.795

2.18

1.40–3.40

 < 0.001

Significant

Positivity (%)

 ≥ 55%

7

Fixed

0.0%

0.731

1.98

1.31–2.99

0.001

Significant

 < 55%

4

Fixed

0.0%

0/892

2.71

1.96–2.75

 < 0.001

Significant

HR resource

Reported

5

Fixed

0.0%

0.868

2.20

1.87–3.11

 < 0.001

Significant

SC

6

Fixed

0.0%

0.894

2.73

1.85–4.02

 < 0.001

Significant

Sample size

 ≥ 50

7

Fixed

0.0%

0.915

2.19

1.63–2.94

 < 0.001

Significant

 < 50

4

Fixed

0.0%

0.722

3.20

1.92–5.34

 < 0.001

Significant

NOS score

 < 8

6

Fixed

0.0%

0.800

2.495

1.72–3.62

 < 0.001

Significant

 ≥ 8

5

Fixed

0.0%

0.663

2.335

1.65–3.31

 < 0.001

Significant

  1. HR, hazard ratio; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IHC, immunohistochemistry; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction