Table 3 Adjusted (multivariable) odds of orthopaedic trauma surgery patient understanding regarding opioid use

Gender

Male^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Female

0.68 (0.26–1.8)

0.94 (0.37–2.4)

1.7 (0.38–7.2)

1.1 (0.44–2.7)

2.0 (0.76–5.2)

0.64 (0.22–1.8)

1.7 (0.69–4.2)

0.88 (0.25–3.1)

1.8 (0.28–11)

Age

< 65 years^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

≥ 65 years

0.38 (0.11–1.3)

0.42 (0.13–1.3)

0.13 (0.01–1.3)

0.63 (0.21–1.9)

1.3 (0.45–4.0)

0.77 (0.24–2.5)

1.1 (0.40–3.0)

1.2 (0.31–4.3)

0.97 (0.11–9.0)

Race

White^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Non-white

0.50 (0.12–2.1)

1.1 (0.28–3.9)

1.5 (0.19–11)

1.1 (0.29–4.2)

0.45 (0.13–1.6)

0.57 (0.15–2.1)

1.0 (0.30–3.5)

7.8 (1.9–31)**

1.0

Marital status

Single^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Married

0.73 (0.30–1.8)

2.0 (0.79–4.9)

1.6 (0.40–6.2)

1.8 (0.75–4.6)

1.9 (0.79–4.8)

0.81 (0.30–2.2)

0.55 (0.24–1.2)

1.1 (0.35–3.5)

2.7 (0.41–17)

Employment status stratified by education level

Unemployed^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Employed w/

< 4-yr degree

1.1 (0.37–3.1)

0.85 (0.30–2.4)

0.67 (0.16–2.8)

0.53 (0.19–1.5)

0.53 (0.19–1.5)

1.4 (0.46–4.1)

1.5 (0.58–3.8)

2.0 (0.55–7.1)

0.53 (0.06–4.5)

Employed w/

≥ 4-yr degree

1.6 (0.55–4.6)

1.6 (0.55–4.4)

0.06 (0.006–0.56)*

0.77 (0.28–2.2)

0.28 (0.09–0.86)*

0.75 (0.24–2.3)

0.61 (0.22–1.7)

0.73 (0.16–3.4)

1.1 (0.07–17)

ADI national quartile

1^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

0.79 (0.28–2.2)

2.3 (0.86–6.4)

8.8 (1.7–46)**

2.7 (1.0–7.2)*

1.2 (0.43–3.5)

0.51 (0.18–1.5)

1.1 (0.42–2.7)

1.1 (0.32–4.1)

0.13 (0.01–1.5)

3 + 4

0.66 (0.21–2.0)

1.9 (0.62–5.6)

6.1 (0.95–39)

1.5 (0.49–4.4)

1.1 (0.35–3.3)

0.53 (0.16–1.8)

0.65 (0.23–1.9)

0.72 (0.15–3.4)

0.41 (0.02–8.0)

Chronicity of injury

Acute or subacute^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Chronic

2.5 (0.79–8.0)

1.3 (0.42–4.0)

0.23 (0.03–1.6)

0.51 (0.15–1.7)

1.0 (0.31–3.4)

0.49 (0.14–1.7)

2.6 (0.89–7.9)

2.7 (0.67–11)

1.0

Prior opioid prescription

No^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yes

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Current opioid use

No^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yes

1.9 (0.47–8.0)

0.66 (0.15–2.9)

1.9 (0.47–8.0)

0.27 (0.05–1.6)

0.61 (0.14–2.6)

5.2 (1.0–27)*

1.5 (0.35–6.2)

0.97 (0.16–6.0)

1.0

Prior naloxone prescription

No^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yes

1.3 (0.31–5.2)

1.3 (0.31–5.1)

1.3 (0.31–5.2)

0.73 (0.16–3.3)

0.90 (0.23–3.5)

1.8 (0.42–7.9)

1.8 (0.48–6.9)

0.82 (0.13–5.2)

1.0

Know someone dependent/overdosed

No^b

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yes

1.9 (0.74–5.0)

2.2 (0.88–5.7)

1.9 (0.74–5.0)

2.6 (1.1–6.5)*

3.8 (1.5–9.8)**

0.78 (0.29–2.1)

1.5 (0.66–3.5)

0.24 (0.07–0.76)*

1.8 (0.26–12)