Table 1 Review of literature on all studies regarding All-inside reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
References | No of patients (male/female) | Study design | CMS | Mean age (± SD) | Graft type | Fixation technique | Subjective IKDC score change (follow-up) | Lysholm score change (follow-up) | Lachman test [score post-op] (follow-ups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tibial | Femoral | |||||||||
Yasen et al. [39] | 108 (81/27) | Prospective | 85 | 30.9 | ST | Cortical suspensory fixation | Cortical suspensory fixation | – | 33.2 (2 year), 31.4 (1 year) | – |
Otsuka et al. [33] | 20 (8/12) | Clinical trial | 89 | 21.1 | BPTB | Metal interference screws | Metal interference screws | – | – | – |
Schurz et al. [35] | 79 (52/27) | Prospective | 85 | 29 | ST | Cortical suspensory fixation | Cortical suspensory fixation | 45.1 ± 13.29 (2 year), 44.9 ± 11.1 (1 year) | 39.7 (2 year), 37.7 (1 year) | – |
Shah et al. [36] | 40 (36/4) | Prospective | 74 | 27.1 | ST | Cortical suspensory fixation | Cortical suspensory fixation | – | 23.8 ± 19.42 (1 year) | All [normal] (1 year) |
Lubowitz et al. [30] | 27 (9/18) | Randomized controlled trial | 80 | 41.6 | Posterior TT | Tibial Retro Screw (Arthrex) (Aperture) | Bio-Composite femoral interference screw (Aperture) | 33.2 ± 16.28 (2 year), 33.5 ± 17.44 (1 year) | – | – |
31 (11/20) | Randomized controlled trial | 80 | 40.2 | Posterior TT | Titanium cortical button (Arthrex) (Suspensory) | Femoral fixed loop length Retro-Button (Arthrex) (Suspensory) | 36.9 ± 21.83 (2 year), 33.2 ± 20.08 (1 year) | – | – | |
Volpi et al. [37] | 20 (12/8) | Controlled trial | 71 | 38.4 ± 10.8 | ST | Metallic cortical suture button | Cortical femoral fixation | – | – | – |
Dujardin et al. [29] | 20 (12/8) | Prospective | 61 | 28 ± 8.2 | ST (anterior) | – | – | – | – | – |
19 (10/6) | Prospective | 61 | 24 ± 6.7 | ST (posterior) | – | – | – | – | – | |
Buda et al. [34] | 31 (31/0) | Prospective | 74 | 27 ± 8.7 | ST | – | – | 36.4 ± 6.84 (1 year) | – | 30 [normal]; 1 [mild instability] (1 year) |
Monaco et al. [31] | 22 (15/7) | Controlled trial, III | 86 | 32.5 ± 6.7 | ST | Flip-then-fill technique | Flip-then-fill technique | 41 (2 year) | 36 (2 year) | – |
Bi et al. [26] | 62 (34/28) | Randomized controlled trial | 95 | 29.1 ± 6.5 | AHPLT | Tightrope | Tightrope | 36.7 ± 10.32 (2 year) | – | – |
62 (31/31) | Randomized controlled trial | 95 | 27.9 ± 6.7 | ST | Tightrope | Tightrope | 39.2 ± 9.23 (2 year) | – | – | |
Watanabe et al. [38] | 24 (13/11) | Prospective, IV | 79 | 31.0 | ST | Endo Button | Endo Button CL BTB | – | 39 ± 15.23 (2 year) | All [normal] |
Blackman and Blackman [27] | 95 (60/35) | Prospective | 69 | 27.6 | ST, GT | Suspensory button | Suspensory button | – | – | – |
Bressy et al. [28] | 35 (22/13) | Prospective | 66 | 27 ± 7.8 | ST | Suspensory button | Suspensory button | 29.8 ± 26.83 (> 1 year) | 35.3 ± 30.71 | – |
Nawabi et al. [32] | 23 (15/8) | Prospective | 66 | 12.6 ± 1.25 | ST | Attachable button system (ABS) (Tightrope) | Tightrope (reverse tensioning button) | – | – | – |
Benea et al. [66] | 23 (16/7) | Prospective Randomized | 74 | 28.4 ± 8.6 | ST | Suture button | Tight rope | 20.7 ± 20.58 (6 months) | – | – |
Brandsson et al. [40] | 29 (20/9) | Prospective Randomized | 87 | 27 | BPTB | Interference screw rear entry | Interference screw rear entry | – | 20 ± 22.67 | – |
Kouloumentas et al. [67] | 45 (28/17) | Prospective Randomized, I | 87 | 27.6 ± 11.4 | ST | Tight rope (suspensory fixation) | Tight rope (suspensory fixation) | 41.7 ± 15.12 (2 year) | 52.1 ± 15.84 | – |
Lubowitz et al. [68] | 76 (38/37) | Prospective Randomized, 1 | 87 | 39.3 ± 12.1 | TT | Bio-absorbable tibial interference screw | Bio-absorbable femoral interference screw (Arthrex, Naples, FL) | 39.1 ± 18.96 (2 year) | – | – |
Russu et al. [69] | 32 | Prospective Randomized | 77 | – | ST | – | – | 19.76 ± 16.61 (6 months) | – | – |