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Table 3 Characteristics of included patients at baseline (intention-to-treat population)

From: Efficacy and safety of treating chronic nonspecific low back pain with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), rESWT combined with celecoxib and eperisone (C + E) or C + E alone: a prospective, randomized trial

Variable\group

rESWT (n = 47)

rESWT + C + E (n = 45)

C + E (n = 48)

Age, years, median; mean (SD; min; max)

34; 34.9 (8.7; 21; 58)

34; 36.5 (10.8; 21; 64)

32; 36.0 (11.2; 21; 70)

Woman, n (%)

22 (46.8)

28 (62.2)

25 (52.1)

Body weight, kg, median; mean (SD; min; max)

60; 62.3 (11.2; 41; 82)

58; 60.8 (11.3; 40; 82)

67; 64.4 (10.2; 42; 80)

Body height, cm, median; mean (SD; min; max)

167; 166 (7.3; 153; 185)

161; 163 (7.6; 148, 180)

163; 165 (8.9; 130; 183)

BMI, kg/m2, median; mean (SD; min; max)

22.6; 22.3 (3.0; 16.7; 28.3)

22.3; 22.7 (3.2; 17.0; 31.2)

23.8; 23.7 (3.7; 17.0; 41.4)

Durationa, months, median; mean (SD; min; max)

12; 33.5 (45.8; 3, 240)

24; 29.6 (30.2; 3; 120)

12; 29.9 (49.1; 3; 240)

Education statusb

0; 1; 7; 39

0; 8; 7; 30

1; 5; 15; 27

Marriage statusc

7, 39, 1, 0

9, 36, 0, 0

7, 40, 1, 0

Comorbidities, n (diagnosis)

1 (diabetes)

0

1*

PSEQ score, median; mean (SD; min; max)

55; 51.3 (8.5; 26; 60)

50; 46.8 (12.0; 8, 60)

53.5; 48.8 (10.9; 17; 60)

NRS score, median; mean (SD; min; max)

4; 4.2 (1.2; 1; 6)

4; 4.4 (1.4; 1; 7)

4; 4.2 (1.5; 2; 8)

OLDPDQ score, median; mean (SD; min; max)

14.0; 16.8 (11.4; 2; 66)

20.0; 21.6 (12.8; 4; 68)

18.0; 18.9 (10.4; 0; 50)

PHQ-9 score, median, mean (SD; min; max)

3; 4.6 (4.1; 0; 14)

5; 6.2 (5.1; 0; 22)

6; 6.9 (4.7; 0; 19)

  1. aDuration of symptoms before enrollment into this study
  2. b0, no education; 1, pupil; 2, middle school; 3, higher education
  3. c1, not married; 2, married; 3, divorced; 4, widow. *, Sjogren's syndrome
  4. SD, standard deviation; min, minimum value; max, maximum value; BMI, body mass index; PSEQ, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; NRS, numerical rating scale; OLDPDQ, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9