Specific parameters | VP | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | T9 | T10 | T11 | T12 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coronal plane: vertebral lateral flexion (°) | |||||||||||||||||
EG | − 0.9 ± 2.5 | − 1.4 ± 2.7 | − 1.8 ± 3.2 | − 1.5 ± 3.3 | − 0.8 ± 3.1 | 0.0 ± 2.6 | 0.8 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 2.0 | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 0.7 ± 1.9 | 0.6 ± 2.0 | 0.6 ± 2.1 | 0.3 ± 1.8 | 0.1 ± 1.9 | 0.3 ± 2.7 | 0.8 ± 3.3 |
EG vs. 0 | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .012* | .861 | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .001* | .003* | .009* | .084 | .698 | .309 | .014* |
t-value | − 3.7 | − 5.0 | − 5.6 | − 4.5 | − 2.5 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 2.5 |
Cohen’s d | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.40 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
YG | − 0.7 ± 2.2 | − 1.0 ± 2.5 | − 1.3 ± 2.9 | − 0.9 ± 3.0 | − 0.2 ± 3.0 | 0.4 ± 2.6 | 1.0 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 1.0 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 2.0 | 0.5 ± 2.0 | 0.0 ± 1.4 | − 0.3 ± 1.6 | 0.1 ± 2.6 | 0.9 ± 3.1 |
OG | − 1.2 ± 2.7 | − 1.7 ± 3.0 | − 2.3 ± 3.4 | − 2.1 ± 3.4 | − 1.4 ± 3.2 | − 0.4 ± 2.6 | 0.6 ± 2.0 | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 1.2 ± 2.1 | 0.9 ± 2.2 | 0.5 ± 2.1 | 0.5 ± 2.0 | 0.6 ± 2.2 | 0.6 ± 2.1 | 0.4 ± 2.0 | − 0.3 ± 2.9 | − 0.8v3.6 |
YG vs. OG | .343 | .213 | .099 | .062 | .076 | .124 | .393 | .738 | .580 | .999 | .485 | .456 | .841 | .105 | .045* | .456 | .903 |
Sagittal plane: vertebral flexion/extension (°) | |||||||||||||||||
EG | 29.6 ± 6.6 | 27.5 ± 6.3 | 21.6 ± 6.2 | 15.2 ± 5.0 | 11.2 ± 4.3 | 8.7 ± 4.1 | 6.3 ± 3.8 | 3.7 ± 3.7 | − 0.5 ± 3.6 | − 6.1 ± 3.7 | − 11.5 ± 4.0 | − 16.1 ± 4.6 | − 18.8 ± 5. 6 | − 18.1 ± 5.9 | − 13.6 ± 6.1 | − 2.2 ± 7.4 | 13.2 ± 6.5 |
EG vs. 0; | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .159 | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .004* | .000* |
t-value | 44.9 | 43.5 | 35.0 | 30.4 | 26.3 | 21.3 | 16.5 | 9.9 | − 1.4 | − 16.4 | − 28.5 | − 35.0 | − 33.8 | − 30.7 | − 22.3 | − 2.9 | 20.1 |
Cohen’s d | 4.5 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 2.0 |
YG | 27.2 ± 5.3 | 25.7 ± 5.5 | 20.8 ± 6.1 | 14. 8 ± 5.1 | 10.8 ± 4.2 | 8.2 ± 3.9 | 6.1 ± 3.5 | 3.6 ± 3.5 | − 0.4 ± 3.5 | − 5.7 ± 3.6 | − 11.0 ± 3.9 | − 15.3 ± 4.6 | − 17.6 ± 5.7 | − 16.8 ± 5.9 | − 12.8 ± 6.3 | − 1.5 ± 7.4 | 12.7 ± 6.7 |
OG | 32.1 ± 6.9 | 29.4 ± 6.6 | 22.5 ± 6.2 | 15.6 ± 4.9 | 11.6 ± 4.3 | 9.1 ± 4.3 | 6.6 ± 4.1 | 3.7 ± 3.9 | − 0.7 ± 3.6 | − 6.4 ± 3.9 | − 12.0 ± 4.1 | − 17.0 ± 4.5 | − 20.0 ± 5.2 | − 19.4 ± 5.6 | − 4.4 ± 5.8 | − .8 ± 7.4 | 13.6 ± 6.4 |
YG vs. OG | .000* | .002* | .161 | .422 | .331 | .249 | .465 | .808 | .664 | .324 | .205 | .052 | .028* | .025* | .168 | .376 | .504 |
Transversal plane: vertebral rotation (°) | |||||||||||||||||
EG | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.18 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 1.3 | 0.2 ± 2.2 | 0.0 ± 3.1 | − 0.4 ± 3.7 | − 1.0 ± 3.9 | − 1.6 ± 3.8 | − 1.9 ± 3.7 | − 2.2 ± 3.5 | − 2.2 ± 3.5 | − 2.2 ± 3.5 | − 2.0 ± 3.5 | − 1.5 ± 3.2 | − 0.8 ± 2.4 | − 0.3 ± 1.4 |
EG vs. 0 | .068 | .040* | .054 | .141 | .401 | .990 | .244 | .011* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .000* | .001* | .043* |
t-value | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | − 1.2 | − 2.6 | − 4.1 | − 5.3 | − 6.1 | − 6.4 | − 6.3 | − 5.7 | − 4.6 | − 3.3 | − 2.0 |
Cohen’s d | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
YG | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 1.1 | − 0.1 ± 1.9 | − 0.4 ± 2.8 | − 0.9 ± 3.4 | − 1.4 ± 3.6 | − 1.9 ± 3.7 | − 2.2 ± 3.6 | − 2.4 ± 3.4 | − 2.5 ± 3.1 | − 2.5 ± 3.0 | − 2.2 ± 3.1 | − 1.6 ± 2.9 | − 0.7 ± 2.2 | − 0.2 ± 1.3 |
OG | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 1.5 | 0.5 ± 2.4 | 0.4 ± 3.4 | 0.0 ± 4.0 | − 0.6 ± 4.1 | − 1.2 ± 3.9 | − 1.7 ± 3.8 | − 1.9 ± 3.7 | − 1.9 ± 3.8 | − 1.8 ± 3.9 | − 1.7 ± 3.8 | − 1.4 ± 3.5 | − 0.9 ± 2.6 | − 0.4 ± 1.5 |
YG vs. OG | .498 | .219 | .164 | .186 | .193 | .204 | .217 | .278 | .393 | .474 | .456 | .355 | .321 | .460 | .797 | .727 | .431 |