Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
References | Country | No. of patients (EM/LM) | Age(years) (EM/LM) | Male (%) (EM/LM) | AO classification (% of A:B:C) (EM/LM) | Intervention | Outcome measures | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EM | LM | |||||||
Lozano [14] | USA | 30/30 | 55/51 | 37/33 | 40:3:57/37:23:40 | Removed patients’ thermoplastic splint and performed active and active-assisted wrist motion exercises at postoperative 1st week | Wore thermoplastic splint at all times. Wrist motion exercises were initiated at 6-weeks | DASH, VAS, WROM, GS, complications |
Brehmer [26] | USA | 36/42 | 49.8/55.3 | 25/29 | 67:3:30/55:5:40 | Started wrist/forearm passive range of motion and strengthened exercise at 2-weeks | Started wrist passive range of motion and strengthened exercise at 6-weeks | DASH, WROM, GS, complications |
Quadlbauer [12] | Austria | 15/15 | 49.1 ± 15.4/58.8 ± 12.1 | 13/15 | 7:7:86/0:0:100 | Wore a removable thermoplastic splint on day 1 after surgery for 1 week | Wore a non-removable plaster cast for 5 weeks after surgery | DASH, PRWE, VAS, WROM, complications |
Watson [17] | Australia | 46/46 | 54.0 ± 15.6/52.0 ± 15.9 | 37/24.4 | 9:77:14/11:67:22 | After cast removal at 1st week postoperatively, a standardized education and exercise program was adopted for 6 weeks | After cast removal at 6-weeks, a standardized education and exercise program was adopted for 6 weeks | DASH, PRWE, VAS, WROM, GS, complications |
Andrade [15] | Brazil | 19/20 | 51.2 ± 16.6/47.6 ± 15.1 | 42/45 | 0:0:19/0:5:95 | Early wrist mobilization with inelastic bandage after surgery | A short forearm splint for 2 weeks after surgery | DASH, PRWE, VAS, WROM, GS, complications |
Clementsen [13] | Norway | 57/62 | 55 ± 12.4/55 ± 11.9 | 7/11 | 100:0:0/100:0:0 | Plaster splint was removed at postoperative 2–3 days. Patients met with the institution's physiotherapist every other week during the first 3 months | Patients wore dorsal splint for 2 weeks and only met with the physiotherapist once splint was removed | DASH, PRWE, VAS, WROM, GS, complications |
Sørensen [10] | Denmark | 47/48 | 67.1 ± 8.4/67 ± 8.5 | NR | 36:19:45/33:10:57 | Wore removable orthosis (wrist lacer) last 2 weeks, and then started nonweight-bearing exercises of fingers and wrist from the postoperative 1st day | Wore standard dorsal plaster cast for 2 weeks, and then wore removable orthosis to exercises | DASH, WROM, GS, complications |
Dennison [18] | USA | 18/15 | 54.9 ± 18.4/53.1 ± 14.6 | 6/7 | 67:33:0/67:33:0 | Initiated an active and passive wrist motion protocol at postoperative 14 days | Delayed wrist motion was initiated at postoperative 5 weeks | DASH, PRWE, VAS, WROM, GS, complications |
Zeckey [27] | Germany | 25/25 | 82 ± 3/80 ± 3.5 | 6/8 | 16:4:80/8:8:84 | Performing patients’ own training frequency with early mobilization and a pain-adapted increase in weight-bearing without immobilization | Wrist orthosis in a functional position for 4 weeks | WROM, GS, complications |