Inclusion criteria |
1. Type of study Clinical study on preoperative planning of DICFs using ELA with the aid of 3D printing technology, in Chinese and English only |
2. Study population Inclusion of fractures of the calcaneal diagnosed by X-ray and CT, fracture line involving the articular surface, Sanders classification [35] (type II, III, IV), age ≥ 18 years, no gender restriction |
3. Interventions 3D printing-assisted versus non-3D printing-assisted ELA for DICFs |
4. Outcome indicators excellent rate of calcaneal fracture outcomes (evaluated using the Maryland scale [36]), operative time, intraoperative bleeding, number of X-ray fluoroscopies, postoperative complications |
Exclusion criteria |
1. Data were not authentic or detailed and could not be extracted |
2. Exclusion of those with other incisions or additional other incisions |
3. Exclusion of those with other serious injuries (e.g., multiple fractures), lesions (e.g., arthritis), and a history of surgery (e.g., revision in this case), serious systemic diseases (e.g., inflammatory or metabolic diseases) that prevented surgery, etc |