Table 2 Demographic characteristics of human albumin infusion and non infusion in training population and validation population

Age (%)

  < 55

283 (15.5)

29 (13.9)

61 (15.3)

7 (14.9)

 55–75

1330 (72.8)

126 (60.3)

276 (69.0)

17 (36.2)

  > 75

113 (11.7)

54 (25.8)

63 (15.8)

23 (48.9)

Sex (%)

 Male

855 (48.1)

103 (49.3)

229 (50.9)

27 (57.4)

 Female

921 (51.9)

106 (50.7)

221 (49.1)

20 (42.6)

BMI (mean (SD))

25.67 (3.59)

25.14 (4.22)

25.76 (3.51)

24.62 (4.12)

Previous history (%)

 Surgery

403 (22.7)

39 (18.7)

81 (18.0)

9 (19.1)

 Blood transfusion

43 (2.4)

5 (2.4)

15 (3.3)

1 (2.1)

 Allergies

25 (1.4)

4 (1.9)

16 (3.6)

1 (2.1)

 Smoking

294 (16.6)

35 (16.7)

82 (18.2)

3 (6.4)

 Alcohol cconsumption

245 (13.8)

27 (12.9)

81 (18.0)

4 (8.5)

Comorbidities disease (%)

 Hypertension

595 (33.5)

76 (36.4)

159 (35.3)

22 (46.8)

 T2DM

347 (19.5)

63 (30.1)

91 (20.2)

14 (29.8)

 Coronary heart disease

254 (14.3)

31 (14.8)

59 (13.1)

6 (12.8)

 Cerebral thrombosis

14 (0.8)

2 (1.0)

4 (0.9)

3 (6.4)

 Pneumonia

99 (5.6)

12 (5.7)

24 (5.3)

3 (6.4)

 Chronic gastritis

161 (9.1)

28 (13.4)

51 (11.3)

10 (21.3)

 Other

237 (13.3)

27 (12.9)

57 (12.7)

6 (12.8)

Laboratory tests (median [IQR])

 TP

75.00 [65.79, 100.00]

99.80 [65.31, 100.00]

76.14 [66.11, 100.00]

74.70 [67.61, 100.00]

 GLO

24.80 [22.19, 27.30]

25.26 [22.40, 27.20]

25.26 [22.50, 27.73]

25.26 [23.09, 27.83]

 ALB

36.79 [31.40, 46.90]

29.10 [21.00, 38.00]

36.16 [31.42, 46.20]

26.51 [21.80, 33.85]

 ALB GLO

1.44 [1.15, 1.80]

1.04 [0.75, 1.44]

1.40 [1.10, 1.77]

0.94 [0.71, 1.25]

 TBIL

13.10 [10.00, 17.29]

13.29 [9.91, 17.13]

13.14 [9.79, 17.43]

13.12 [9.47, 16.50]

 DBIL

3.67 [2.64, 5.00]

3.74 [2.65, 5.00]

3.60 [2.75, 4.91]

3.37 [2.37, 5.07]

 IBIL

9.45 [7.07, 12.40]

9.30 [7.20, 12.00]

9.60 [7.00, 12.44]

9.67 [6.50, 11.96]

 ALT

18.85 [14.00, 28.00]

19.30 [15.20, 29.80]

18.70 [13.83, 28.00]

17.90 [15.00, 24.00]

 AST

17.25 [14.38, 21.33]

18.00 [15.00, 22.60]

17.45 [14.50, 23.00]

18.00 [14.70, 21.50]

 ALT/AST

1.10 [0.86, 1.42]

1.13 [0.84, 1.40]

1.08 [0.83, 1.40]

0.92 [0.78, 1.30]

 PA

220.30 [176.00, 261.50]

205.00 [165.80, 251.80]

210.70 [177.18, 262.80]

192.40 [165.95, 222.65]

Surgery (median [IQR])

 Bleeding Volume

400.00 [400.00, 550.00]

400.00 [400.00, 600.00]

400.00 [400.00, 550.00]

500.00 [400.00, 600.00]

 Surgery time

140.00 [100.00, 200.00]

155.00 [115.00, 210.00]

140.00 [100.00, 200.00]

160.00 [125.00, 207.50]

Surgical indications (%)

 Lumbar spondylolisthesis

109 (6.1)

16 (7.7)

20 (4.4)

3 (6.4)

 LDH

1034 (58.2)

122 (58.4)

260 (57.8)

23 (48.9)

 LSS

633 (35.6)

71 (34.0)

170 (37.8)

21 (44.7)

Fusion segment (%)

 1

826 (46.4)

75 (36.4)

198 (44.3)

22 (44.0)

 2

693 (39.0)

78 (37.9)

188 (42.1)

14 (28.0)

  ≥ 3

260 (14.6)

53 (25.7)

61 (13.6)

14 (28.0)