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Fig. 3 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 3

From: Spacer-based gap balancing is useful in total knee arthroplasty: a 3-year follow-up of a retrospective study

Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of measurement results. A The knee was flexed 90°, tension was not applied on both sides of the medial and lateral compartment in flexion after the tibial resection was performed. B The modified spacers were inserted into the medial and lateral joint space in flexion to balance the tension of the medial and lateral ligaments, and the external rotation angle of femur was also determined. C and D Measurements of preoperative and postoperative J and the HKA° in full-length anteroposterior X-rays film. TR tibial resection line, FR posterior femoral condyles resection line, a The difference between the thickness of the medial and lateral spacers, b The distance between the farthest points of the posterior bicondylar, PCA the posterior condyle axis, The external rotation angle of femur = Arcsine a/b. J, J’(red line) is the length from the adductor tubercle to the joint line (black line), The joint line displacement = preoperative J − postoperative J’. The HKA ° (white line), the angle between the center of the femoral head to the center of the knee and the center of the knee to the center of the ankle

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