Table 2 Results from validation of the finite element model (°)
Items | Shim specimen test | L3–5 finite element | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
L3/4 | L4/5 | L3/4 | L4/5 | |
Torque | 7.5 | 7.5 | ||
flexion | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 3.9 | 4.6 |
extension | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
Left flexion | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
Right flexion | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
Left rotation | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
Right rotation | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 |